精准医学背景下血管内皮损伤修复的 研究进展

Research Progress on Vascular Endothelial Injury Repair in the Context of Precision Medicine

摘要: 血管内皮损伤(VEI)被认为是诸多心血管疾病(CVD)的关键始动环节，严重危害人类健康与生命安全。因此，如何实现VEI的早期、高效修复，已成为当前的研究热点与难点。本文首先阐述了VEI的核心病理机制，包括线粒体氧化应激、炎症反应的持续性激活及一氧化氮合成减少等，明确指出VEI是多种病理刺激共同作用的结果。在此基础上，重点综述了针对VEI的精准靶向治疗修复策略及前沿研究进展，包括靶向清除活性氧、靶向阻断炎症信号通路及提升一氧化氮利用度/产量。此外，本文还探讨了分子影像学在实现VEI早期可视化检测与诊疗一体化中的可行性。希望通过多个角度的解析，促进精准医学在VEI修复中的发展，为CVD患者带来更好的治疗前景。

Abstract: Vascular endothelial injury (VEI) is recognized as a critical initiating event in cardiovascular disease (CVD), posing severe threats to human health and survival. Consequently, achieving early and efficient repair of VEI has emerged as both a research hotspot and a significant challenge. This article first elucidates the core pathological mechanisms of VEI—including mitochondrial oxidative stress, sustained activation of inflammatory responses, and reduced nitric oxide synthesis—emphasizing that VEI results from the synergistic effects of multiple pathological stimuli. Building upon this foundation, we comprehensively review precision-targeted therapeutic strategies and cutting-edge advances in VEI repair, specifically focusing on targeted reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, blockade of inflammatory signaling pathways, and enhancement of nitric oxide bioavailability and production. Furthermore, we explore the feasibility of molecular imaging in enabling early visual detection and theranostics for VEI. Through this multidimensional analysis, we aim to advance precision medicine in VEI repair and offer improved therapeutic prospects for patients with CVD.