薄膜基荧光传感器用于金属离子传感研究进展
Research Progress on Thin-Film-Based Fluorescence Sensors for Metal Ion Detection
摘要: 薄膜基荧光传感器因灵敏度高、响应迅速、便于器件集成、支持原位实时检测等显著优势，正逐步成为金属离子检测领域的一大研究前沿。文章系统综述了薄膜基荧光传感器在金属离子传感中的研究进展。首先阐述了适用于金属离子检测的荧光传感核心机理，包括光诱导电子转移、配位诱导的分子内电荷转移、荧光共振能量转移以及聚集诱导发光等。其次重点总结了金属离子敏感薄膜的材料体系与设计策略，涵盖有机小分子、共轭聚合物、金属配合物、纳米材料以及金属有机框架等荧光材料的功能化修饰与识别位点设计；并系统介绍了薄膜制备技术与结构调控方法，探讨了多孔结构、比表面积和活性层微观结构对金属离子传质和传感性能的影响。基于此，系统梳理了薄膜传感器在重金属离子(如Hg2+、Pb2+、Cu2+、Cr(VI)等)及轻金属离子检测方面的应用研究进展，重点探讨了配位作用、静电相互作用、氢键等识别机制及其对选择性的影响。最后，针对当前金属离子传感面临的复杂基质干扰、多组分同时检测、实际样品应用等挑战进行了分析，并展望了传感器阵列构建、智能化检测平台开发以及便携式装备研制的未来发展方向。
Abstract: Thin-film-based fluorescent sensors are gradually becoming a major research frontier in the field of metal ion detection due to their significant advantages, including high sensitivity, rapid response, ease of device integration, and support for in situ real-time detection. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of thin-film-based fluorescent sensors in metal ion sensing. Firstly, the core fluorescence sensing mechanisms suitable for metal ion detection are expounded, including photoinduced electron transfer, coordination-induced intramolecular charge transfer, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and aggregation-induced emission. Secondly, the material systems and design strategies for metal ion-sensitive films are summarized, covering the functional modification and recognition site design of fluorescent materials such as organic small molecules, conjugated polymers, metal complexes, nanomaterials, and metal-organic frameworks. The preparation technologies and structure control methods for thin films are systematically introduced, and the effects of porous structure, specific surface area, and active layer microstructure on the mass transfer and sensing performance of metal ions are discussed. On this basis, the application progress of thin-film sensors in the detection of heavy metal ions (e.g., Hg2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Cr(VI)) and light metal ions is comprehensively reviewed, and the recognition mechanisms, such as coordination, electrostatic interaction, and hydrogen bonding, along with their influence on selectivity, are analyzed. Finally, the challenges faced by metal ion sensing, including complex matrix interference, simultaneous multi-component detection, and practical sample application, are examined, and future development directions such as sensor array construction, intelligent detection platform development, and portable equipment fabrication are prospected.
文章引用：贺雲钊. 薄膜基荧光传感器用于金属离子传感研究进展[J]. 化学工程与技术, 2026, 16(4): 251-261. https://doi.org/10.12677/hjcet.2026.164024

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