核心素养导向下中考数学情境试题的命题特征研究——以哈尔滨为例

Research on the Proposition Characteristics of Situational Items in the Senior High School Entrance Examination Mathematics under the Guidance of Core Competencies—A Case Study of Harbin

摘要: 本研究以2021~2025年哈尔滨市中考数学试卷为样本，对其情境试题的命题特征进行量化与质性分析。研究发现，试卷已构建包含个人、职业、社会、科学四类情境的稳定体系。个人情境占比最高，侧重考查基础生活应用；社会与科学情境合计占比超四成，引导学生关注公共议题与科学探索；职业情境则注重在模拟经济活动中考查建模与决策能力。在知识分布上，“数与代数”是情境建模的核心载体，“统计与概率”高度聚焦社会调查以培育数据观念，而“图形与几何”情境化占比较低，“综合与实践”领域的情境化考查尚显薄弱。

Abstract: This study takes the 2021~2025 Harbin Senior High School Entrance Examination mathematics test papers as samples and conducts quantitative and qualitative analysis on the proposition characteristics of their situational items. The research finds that the test papers have established a stable system encompassing four types of situations: personal, occupational, social, and scientific. Personal situational items account for the highest proportion, focusing on assessing the application of foundational knowledge in daily life; social and scientific situational items together constitute over 40% of the total, guiding students to engage with public issues and scientific exploration; occupational situational items emphasize assessing modeling and decision-making abilities in simulated economic activities. In terms of knowledge distribution, “Number and Algebra” serves as the core carrier for situational modeling, while “Statistics and Probability” is highly concentrated on social surveys to foster data literacy. In contrast, “Geometry and Graphics” has a relatively low proportion in situational contexts, and the situational assessment of the “Comprehensive and Practical” domain remains underdeveloped.