《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中人的本质思想研究

A Study of the Concept of Human Essence in Theses on Feuerbach

摘要: 在人类思想史上，哲学家们从没停止过对人的问题的思考和探索。在费尔巴哈之前的哲学家们给出了各种各样的回答，虽有其根据，但最终都停留在“抽象的人”。费尔巴哈提出的人的本质思想是这一问题理论研究的重大突破，并成为马克思哲学思想的重要来源，对马克思哲学体系的建立有着重要的影响。马克思在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》(以下简称《提纲》)中首次立足于实践探讨人和人的本质，从而科学地解答了人的问题，实现了人的本质思想的划时代的变革。

Abstract: Throughout the history of human thought, philosophers have never ceased to reflect on and explore the question of humanity. Philosophers prior to Feuerbach offered a variety of answers, which, though grounded in reason, ultimately remained confined to the concept of “abstract humanity”. Feuerbach’s conception of human essence represented a major breakthrough in the theoretical study of this issue; it became a significant source of Marx’s philosophical thought and exerted a profound influence on the establishment of Marx’s philosophical system. In his Theses on Feuerbach (hereinafter referred to as the Theses), Marx, for the first time, grounded his exploration of humanity and human essence in practice, thereby scientifically resolving the question of humanity and bringing about an epoch-making transformation in the understanding of human essence.