论康德审美共通感在数字沉浸式体验中的困境

On the Dilemma of Kant’s Aesthetic Common Sense in Digital Immersive Experience

摘要: 本文在分析康德提出的审美共通感时发现其可以为理解沉浸式体验与审美反应之间的关系提供新的思路与框架。因此，笔者主要论述了康德的审美共通感在数字时代造成了三重消解：第一是通过论述数字时代的沉浸式体验以浅层的感官刺激替代深度的审美观照造成对于康德美学中“无利害”的消解；第二是主体在过度介入与功利性渗透中摧毁必要的审美距离对于康德美学中“自由游戏”造成了深度消解；第三是数字媒介的私人化、个性化体验模式又不断瓦解着审美中“共通感”的普遍可传达性。本文又简单论述了数字时代对于审美共通感的反作用：沉浸式体验从具身共通感、文化共通感以及社会认同对于审美共通感的重构。最后得出结论，尽管两者之间存在明显的张力，但是在发展的过程中要时刻保持反思，不能背离其核心要义。

Abstract: By analyzing Kant’s proposition of aesthetic common sense, this paper finds that it can provide a new perspective and theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between immersive experience and aesthetic response. Therefore, this paper mainly discusses that Kant’s aesthetic common sense suffers threefold dissolution in the digital era. First, the immersive experience in the digital era replaces in-depth aesthetic contemplation with superficial sensory stimulation, leading to the dissolution of the “disinterestedness” in Kantian aesthetics. Second, the excessive participation of the subject and the infiltration of utilitarian motives break the necessary aesthetic distance, which profoundly dissolves the “free play” in Kantian aesthetics. Third, the privatized and personalized experience mode of digital media continuously undermines the universal communicability of “common sense” in aesthetics. This paper also briefly expounds the counter-effect of the digital era on aesthetic common sense: immersive experience reconstructs aesthetic common sense from the dimensions of embodied common sense, cultural common sense and social identity. Finally, the paper concludes that although there is an obvious tension between them, constant reflection should be maintained in the development process so as not to deviate from its core essence.