马克思主义对“个别”与“一般”关系的科学解答

Marxism’s Scientific Solution to the Relationship between the “Individual” and the “Universal”

摘要: 本文围绕“一般”与“个别”的辩证关系展开研究。首先梳理马克思主义诞生前西方哲学的相关探索，从古希腊哲学家到德国古典哲学代表，均未科学解决二者关系，或割裂对立或片面夸大其一。进而以唯物辩证法阐释二者对立统一、相互转化的客观关系，最后说明其在马克思主义认识论中“从个别到一般、再从一般到个别”的辩证体现，为理解矛盾学说、掌握唯物辩证法提供关键支撑。

Abstract: This paper conducts a study on the dialectical relationship between the “universal” and the “individual”. First, it reviews the relevant explorations in Western philosophy before the emergence of Marxism. Representatives from ancient Greek philosophers to German classical philosophy failed to scientifically resolve the relationship between them, either separating and opposing them or one-sidedly overemphasizing one aspect. Furthermore, it uses materialist dialectics to explain their objective relationship of unity of opposites and mutual transformation. Finally, it expounds its dialectical embodiment in Marxist epistemology as “from the individual to the universal, and then from the universal to the individual”, providing key support for understanding the theory of contradiction and mastering materialist dialectics.