阿多诺文化工业理论的批判与当代价值——基于《启蒙辩证法》的文本阐释

Adorno’s Critique of Cultural Industrial Theory and Its Contemporary Value—Based on the Textual Interpretation of the Dialectics of Enlightenment

摘要: 阿多诺与霍克海默在《启蒙辩证法》中提出的“文化工业”理论是法兰克福学派社会批判理论的核心成果，深刻揭露了现代社会中文化从“多元发展潜能”异化为“支配工具”的本质危机。“文化工业”理论以现代工业社会的经济形态为现实语境，以技术理性为批判线索，剖析了文化工业的生成逻辑与核心特征，揭示了其对个体主体性、艺术本质及社会关系的异化。在数字技术主导的当代社会，TikTok等平台的推荐算法与用户界面设计，延续并强化了文化工业的“同一性统治”逻辑，阿多诺的批判理论仍具有重要的理论价值与现实意义。本文回归《启蒙辩证法》的文本语境，梳理文化工业理论的生成背景与核心内涵，剖析其批判维度，结合TikTok等平台的具体实践，探讨该理论的当代价值与局限，为理解当代文化异化现象、构建健康文化生态提供理论参考。

Abstract: The “culture industry” theory proposed by Adorno and Horkheimer in Dialectic of Enlightenment is a core achievement of the Frankfurt School’s social critical theory, which profoundly reveals the essential crisis of culture in modern society from a “potential for diverse development” to an “instrument of domination”. Based on the realistic context of the economic form of modern industrial society and taking technical rationality as the critical clue, this theory analyzes the generation logic and core characteristics of the culture industry, and reveals its alienation mechanism on individual subjectivity, artistic essence and social relations. In the contemporary society dominated by digital technology, the recommendation algorithm and user interface design of TikTok platform have continued and strengthened the “logic of identical rule” of the culture industry, and Adorno’s critical theory still has important theoretical and practical significance. Returning to the textual context of Dialectic of Enlightenment, this paper sorts out the generation background and core connotation of the culture industry theory, analyzes its critical dimensions, explores the contemporary value and limitations of the theory combined with the specific practice of TikTok platform, and provides theoretical reference for understanding the contemporary cultural alienation phenomenon and building a healthy cultural ecology.