油橄榄叶化学成分研究
Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Olive Leaves
摘要: 油橄榄(Olea europaea L.)是木犀科(Oleaceae)木犀榄属(Olea)的一种常绿植物，兼具经济和医药价值。该树种适宜地中海气候生长，在我国主要分布于甘肃陇南、四川西昌、云南等具有类地中海气候的地区，是我国甘肃陇南地区的特色经济林木。目前油橄榄种植规模不断扩大，但生产环节中副产物资源化利用程度较低，大量叶片、果实被废弃，造成资源浪费与生态压力。已有研究表明，油橄榄叶乙醇提取物具有降血压、降血糖、抗炎抗菌、抗氧化、神经保护及心血管保护等多种药理活性。基于此，本文选取陇南油橄榄叶，以期从中分离鉴定出具有生物活性的天然产物。本文以甘肃陇南产油橄榄叶为原料，采用95%的乙醇浸泡提取，经石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇分级萃取。采用大孔树脂富集，硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析、制备高效液相色谱等分离手段，通过核磁共振现代波谱技术共得到6个单体化合物：3个黄酮类化合物、2个裂环烯醚萜类化合物、1个苯丙素类化合物。
Abstract: Olea europaea L. is an evergreen species of the genus Olea (Oleaceae) with significant economic and medicinal values. Thriving in Mediterranean-like climates, it is mainly distributed in Longnan (Gansu), Xichang (Sichuan), and Yunnan, and serves as a distinctive economic tree in Longnan, Gansu. With the expanding cultivation scale, the low utilization of by-products has led to massive discarding of leaves and fruits, causing resource waste and ecological pressure. Existing studies indicate that the ethanol extract of olive leaves possesses antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular-protective activities. Accordingly, this study aimed to isolate and identify bioactive natural products from olive leaves of Longnan. Briefly, leaves of O. europaea from Longnan were extracted with 95% ethanol, followed by successive fractionation with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. After enrichment by macroporous resin, the extract was separated via silica gel column chromatography, gel column chromatography, and preparative HPLC. A total of 6 monomeric compounds were identified using NMR and IR spectroscopy, including 3 flavonoids, 2 secoiridoids, and 1 phenylpropanoid.
文章引用：董浩浩, 沈彤. 油橄榄叶化学成分研究[J]. 有机化学研究, 2026, 14(2): 340-353. https://doi.org/10.12677/jocr.2026.142030

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