MOFs电极在电催化降解有机废水中的研究进展

Research Progress on the Application of MOFs Electrodes in Electrocatalytic Degradation of Organic Wastewater

摘要: 随着医疗、工业生产及居民生活等领域排放的有机废水持续增加，大量有机污染物不断进入地表水、湖泊及地下水体，对生态环境安全和人类健康造成了严重威胁。其中，抗生素、染料等有机污染物普遍具有毒性高、难生物降解及难矿化等特点，传统水处理技术难以实现其高效去除。因此，开发高效、绿色且可持续的废水处理技术已成为水污染治理领域的重要研究方向。电催化技术因具有反应条件温和、氧化能力强、易于控制及环境友好等优势，在有机废水深度处理领域展现出良好的应用前景。本文系统综述了电催化技术在有机废水降解中的基本原理及技术优势，重点总结了金属有机框架(MOFs)催化电极的结构设计、制备方法及性能调控策略，详细归纳了MOFs催化电极在染料废水及抗生素废水降解中的研究进展与作用机制。同时，结合当前研究现状，分析了MOFs电极材料在导电性、结构稳定性及工程化应用等方面面临的关键问题，并对其未来发展方向与应用前景进行了展望，以期为MOFs基电催化材料的设计开发及有机废水高效处理提供理论参考与研究思路。

Abstract: With the continuous increase in the discharge of organic wastewater from medical, industrial, and domestic activities, large quantities of organic pollutants are continuously released into surface water, lakes, and groundwater, posing serious threats to ecological safety and human health. Organic contaminants such as antibiotics and dyes are generally characterized by high toxicity, poor biodegradability, and low mineralization efficiency, making them difficult to be effectively removed by conventional wastewater treatment technologies. Therefore, the development of efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable treatment technologies has become an important research focus in the field of water pollution control. Electrocatalytic technology has attracted considerable attention for organic wastewater treatment owing to its mild operating conditions, high oxidation efficiency, facile controllability, and environmental compatibility. This review systematically summarizes the fundamental principles and technical advantages of electrocatalytic degradation processes for organic wastewater. Particular emphasis is placed on the structural design, synthesis methods, and performance regulation strategies of metal-organic framework (MOF)-based catalytic electrodes. In addition, recent research progress and underlying mechanisms of MOF-based electrodes in the degradation of dye wastewater and antibiotic wastewater are comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, the current challenges of MOF electrode materials, including limited electrical conductivity, poor structural stability, and restricted large-scale application potential, are critically analyzed. Finally, future development trends and application prospects of MOF-based electrocatalytic materials are proposed, aiming to provide theoretical guidance and research insights for the rational design of advanced electrocatalytic materials and the efficient treatment of organic wastewater.