职务科学数据的知识产权归属研究

Research on Intellectual Property Ownership of Official Scientific Data

摘要: 在科学数据开放共享的背景下，推进科学数据确权是推进数字国家建设的重要举措。职务科学数据作为科学数据的下位概念因其公私双重属性与多元主体利益交织，存在知识产权归属不明，权利类型模糊化等问题。本文先界定职务科学数据的概念与范围，提出归属争议的核心问题，再从法律属性、国内相关规范以及不同类型的职务科学数据的归属冲突三方面展开分析，最后提出以“利益平衡、分类施策、公共利益优先”为原则，构建“一般规则 + 特殊规则”的分层分类权属体系，并辅以配套制度的治理对策。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the open sharing of scientific data, promoting the right confirmation of scientific data is an important measure to advance the construction of a digital country. As a subordinate category of scientific data, official scientific data features intertwined public-private dual attributes and multi-stakeholder interests, giving rise to such problems as unclear ownership of intellectual property rights and ambiguous types of rights. This paper first defines the concept and scope of official scientific data and identifies the core issues of ownership disputes. It then conducts an analysis from three dimensions: legal attributes, relevant domestic norms, and ownership conflicts over different types of official scientific data. Finally, guided by the principles of interest balance, categorized policy implementation, and priority of public interests, it proposes constructing a hierarchical and classified ownership system framed by general rules plus special rules, together with governance countermeasures supported by matching institutional arrangements.