压裂液返排液处理工艺的研究及进展
Research and Progress on Treatment Technology of Fracturing Flowback Fluid
摘要: 水力压裂是非常规油气藏高效开发的核心技术，但压裂作业产生的大量返排液成分复杂、矿化度高，其处理与回用已成为制约行业绿色发展的关键问题。其中，高价金属离子(Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+)广泛存在，不仅易引发结垢和储层伤害，还会干扰压裂液体系稳定性，是影响返排液资源化利用的重要因素。文章系统综述了压裂液返排液处理工艺的研究进展，重点分析了物理法(如膜分离、吸附及蒸发结晶)、化学法(如混凝沉淀、高级氧化及化学软化)以及生物法在污染物去除与水质调控中的作用机理、适用范围及技术局限，并将金属离子络合作用作为新兴研究方向加以重点展望。未来研究应聚焦于高选择性、可降解络合材料的开发，以及与现有处理工艺的协同集成，以实现压裂液返排液的高效处理与资源化利用。
Abstract: Hydraulic fracturing is a core technology for the efficient development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. However, the large volumes of flowback fluid generated during fracturing operations, characterized by complex composition and high salinity, have made its treatment and reuse a critical issue constraining the green development of the industry. Among the various constituents, high-valence metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+) are widely present and not only readily cause scaling and reservoir damage but also interfere with the stability of the fracturing fluid system, thereby significantly affecting the resource utilization of flowback fluid. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on treatment technologies for fracturing flowback fluid, with an emphasis on analyzing the mechanisms, applicability, and technical limitations of physical methods (e.g., membrane separation, adsorption, evaporation, and crystallization), chemical methods (e.g., coagulation and precipitation, advanced oxidation, and chemical softening), and biological methods in contaminant removal and water quality regulation. Furthermore, the complexation of metal ions is highlighted and discussed as an emerging research direction. Future studies should focus on the development of highly selective and degradable complexing agents, as well as their synergistic integration with existing treatment processes, to achieve efficient treatment and resource utilization of fracturing flowback fluid.
文章引用：孙洪洋, 马彩文, 李新雨, 李昱达, 李越, 徐建根. 压裂液返排液处理工艺的研究及进展[J]. 矿山工程, 2026, 14(4): 881-891. https://doi.org/10.12677/me.2026.144086

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