汉语同义词研究范式的历史演进

The Historical Evolution of Research Paradigm on Chinese Synonyms

摘要: 汉语同义词研究历经两千余年的发展，形成了从传统训诂学到现代语言学的范式演进轨迹。本文以研究方法的转变为线索，将汉语同义词研究史划分为三个阶段：传统训诂学范式以段玉裁“浑言析言”术语为代表，形成了基于经典解读和经验归纳的辨析方法；现代语言学范式确立期引入西方语义学理论，开始关注词汇的系统性；多元化与精细化范式则以义素分析法的引入为标志，实现了同义词辨析的科学化、形式化转型。通过对这三个阶段的系统梳理，本文揭示了汉语同义词研究从经学附庸到独立学科、从经验归纳到科学分析、从零散考释到系统建构的演进历程，并对各阶段的核心方法、代表性成果及理论局限进行了评述，以期为当代词汇学研究提供学术史的参照。

Abstract: After more than two thousand years of development, the study of Chinese synonyms has formed a paradigm evolution track from traditional exegesis to modern linguistics. Based on the change of research methods, this paper divides the history of Chinese synonym research into three stages: the traditional exegetical paradigm is represented by Duan Yucai’s terms of “Hunyan Xiyan”, which forms a discrimination method based on classical interpretation and empirical induction; during the establishment of modern linguistic paradigm, western semantic theory was introduced and attention was paid to the systematicness of vocabulary. The diversification and refinement paradigm is marked by the introduction of sememe analysis, which realizes the scientific and formal transformation of synonym discrimination. By systematically sorting out these three stages, this paper reveals the evolution of Chinese synonym research from the dependency of Confucian classics to independent disciplines, from empirical induction to scientific analysis, from scattered textual research to systematic construction, and comments on the core methods, representative achievements and theoretical limitations of each stage in order to provide academic history reference for contemporary lexicology research.