绕阳河浮游动物群落结构特征研究
Study on the Structural Characteristics of Planktonic Animal Community in Raoyang River
DOI: 10.12677/ojns.2026.144041, PDF,   
作者: 张 宇：牡丹江市第十一中学，黑龙江 牡丹江
关键词: 绕阳河；浮游动物；群落结构；生物多样性；Raoyang River； Zooplankton； Community Structure； Biodiversity
摘要: 浮游动物作为水生生态系统中的重要组成部分，其群落结构特征对于维持生态平衡、促进物质循环以及指示水质变化具有重要意义。为了研究绕阳河浮游动物群落结构特征，本研究于2024年10月(秋季)和2025年4月(春季)对绕阳河浮游动物进行样品采集、物种鉴定以及环境因子测定。本次调查共发现浮游动物4门27种，其中轮虫最多15种。结果显示，绕阳河浮游动物密度波动范围为12.34~66.28 ind./L，生物量波动范围为0.02~0.58 mg/L，香农–威纳多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener)范围为1.50~3.58，均匀度指数范围为0.56~0.89，表明群落结构存在显著性的季节差异和空间分化。冗余分析(RDA)表明，透明度，水温，pH值，总氮，总磷，水体流速，化学需氧量，五日生化需氧量和浮游动物具有相关性，其中pH值、总氮(TN)和水体流速(FV)对浮游动物的相关性最强。保护措施为控制水资源的取用，减少绕阳河工业污水的排放和化肥的使用，完善垃圾污水处理措施，生态护坡，以及保护物种多样性。
Abstract: As a vital component of aquatic ecosystems, the functional traits of zooplankton play a significant role in maintaining ecological balance, facilitating material cycling, and indicating water quality changes. To investigate the functional group characteristics of zooplankton in the Raoyang River, this study conducted sample collection, identification, and community structure in October (Autumn) 2024 and April (Spring) 2025. A total of 27 zooplankton species from four phyla were identified, with rotifers being the most abundant (15 species). The results showed that zooplankton density ranged from 12.34 to 66.28 ind./L, biomass from 0.02 to 0.58 mg/L, Shannon-Wiener diversity index from 1.50 to 3.58, and evenness index from 0.56 to 0.89, indicating significant seasonal variations and spatial differentiation in community structure. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed correlations between zooplankton and environmental factors, including water transparency, temperature, pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), flow velocity (FV), chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), and five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). Among these, pH, TN, and FV exhibited the strongest correlations with zooplankton community structure. Recommended conservation measures include regulating water resource extraction, reducing industrial wastewater discharge and fertilizer use in the Raoyang River basin, improving waste and sewage treatment systems, implementing ecological slope protection, and enhancing species diversity conservation efforts.
文章引用：张宇. 绕阳河浮游动物群落结构特征研究[J]. 自然科学, 2026, 14(4): 367-376. https://doi.org/10.12677/ojns.2026.144041

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