对我国商业银行的风险管理研究

Research on Risk Management of Commercial Banks in China

摘要: 在我国商业银行面临信用风险、市场风险、操作风险及新兴技术风险交织叠加的复杂局面下，本文系统剖析了商业银行风险管理的现状、成因与主要问题。研究发现，传统风险敞口如地方债务与房地产不良贷款，同金融科技技术漏洞等新型风险并存，且中小银行与大型银行在科技投入与数据治理上的差距加剧了风险防控的马太效应。在此基础上，本文重点探讨了区块链、大数据、人工智能等金融科技在风险识别、监测与控制中的应用机制，并分析了区块链福费廷交易平台与智能风控系统等典型案例。研究表明，共建跨机构数字平台以实现数据共享与风险联防、优化内部治理架构与流程管控、加强外部市场风险动态对冲及跨境业务合规管理，是提升商业银行风险抵御能力的核心路径。数字化转型与协同治理能够有效降低不良率并提升审批效率，为维护金融体系稳定与服务金融强国目标提供微观层面的解决方案。

Abstract: Under the complex situation where commercial banks in China face the intertwined risks of credit risk, market risk, operational risk, and emerging technology risks, this paper systematically analyzes the current state, causes, and major problems of risk management in commercial banks. The study finds that traditional risk exposures, such as non-performing loans related to local government debt and real estate, coexist with new types of risks like fintech technology vulnerabilities. Moreover, the gap in technology investment and data governance between small and medium-sized banks and large banks exacerbates the Matthew effect in risk prevention and control. On this basis, the paper focuses on the application mechanisms of fintech technologies such as blockchain, big data, and artificial intelligence in risk identification, monitoring, and control, and analyzes typical cases including the blockchain-based forfeiting trading platform and intelligent risk control systems. The research indicates that building cross-institutional digital platforms to achieve data sharing and joint risk defense, optimizing internal governance structures and process controls, and strengthening dynamic hedging of external market risks as well as compliance management of cross-border businesses are core pathways to enhance the risk resilience of commercial banks. Digital transformation and collaborative governance can effectively reduce non-performing loan ratios and improve approval efficiency, providing micro-level solutions for maintaining financial system stability and serving the financial power goal.