论人工智能参与下董事信义义务体系的重构

Reconstruction of the Fiduciary Duty System of Directors with the Participation of Artificial Intelligence

摘要: 本研究集中于人工智能技术嵌入企业决策场景时，董事信义义务体系的演变轨迹及其改良途径，伴随人工智能技术持续更新并逐渐成为现代企业运作的关键推动因素，它在优化决策速度和改善决策品质方面的作用越发明显，在这种情形之下，传统董事信义义务架构正在经历重大改变，无论是忠实义务还是勤勉责任这两大核心方面均存在显著差别，特别就忠实义务而言，由于算法模型变得越发繁杂而且非常倚重大数据分析，董事个人喜好或者利益联系很难被准确辨别出来，现存的监督手段或许会遭遇效能下降甚至完全失效的危险。人工智能技术被广泛使用之后，董事会在执行勤勉义务的时候遭遇了更为繁杂的决策环境，对履职能力的要求也变得更高，可以从改进信息披露制度、加强算法透明度、改良勤勉义务评判准则、接纳商业判断原则这些方面着手，创建起适应时代发展的信义义务体系，这样的改革举动有益于推动公司法学理论更新，也能给我国企业治理模式朝着市场化、法治化、国际化、智能化方向转型给予有力支持。

Abstract: This study focuses on the evolutionary path and improvement approaches of directors’ fiduciary duty system amid the embedding of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into corporate decision-making scenarios. With the continuous upgrading of AI technologies and their growing role as a core driving force for the operation of modern enterprises, such technologies have delivered increasingly prominent effects in accelerating decision-making and elevating decision quality. Against this backdrop, the traditional framework of directors’ fiduciary duties is undergoing profound transformations, with marked changes emerging in its two core components: the duty of loyalty and the duty of care. In particular for the duty of loyalty, given the rising complexity of algorithmic models and their heavy reliance on big data analytics, it has become difficult to accurately identify directors’ personal preferences or conflicting interests, which puts existing supervision mechanisms at risk of diminished efficiency or even total failure. The widespread adoption of AI has exposed boards of directors to far more complex decision-making environments when fulfilling their duty of care and raised the competency threshold for their performance of duties. A fiduciary duty system compatible with contemporary development can be established through measures including optimizing the information disclosure regime, enhancing algorithm transparency, revising the evaluation criteria for the duty of care, and adopting the business judgment rule. Such institutional reforms help advance the theoretical innovation of corporate law and provide robust support for China’s corporate governance to shift toward marketization, legalization, internationalization and intelligentization.