自动驾驶交通事故的责任划分与法律规制研究

Research on Liability Division and Legal Regulation of Autonomous Driving Accidents

摘要: 随着人工智能技术的快速发展，自动驾驶汽车已逐步落地应用并向主流市场迈进，成为改变交通出行模式的重要力量。但随之而来的自动驾驶交通事故也逐年增多，相关纠纷日益复杂，责任划分与法律规制问题成为制约产业健康发展的突出瓶颈。本文以自动驾驶交通事故的责任划分与法律规制为研究核心，在分析自动驾驶交通事故的成因及认定特殊性的基础上，梳理了我国现行法律法规在自动驾驶场景下的适用现状与局限，深入剖析司法实践中存在的责任归属模糊、归责原则适用不统一、算法黑箱导致举证困难等问题，从完善专门立法、建立上路准入与安全审查制度、强化算法与数据监管、健全事后救济机制四个维度，提出针对性的法律规制完善路径，旨在明确自动驾驶交通事故的责任边界，平衡技术创新与权益保护，为我国自动驾驶产业的健康有序发展提供法治支撑。

Abstract: With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, autonomous driving vehicles have gradually been put into practical use and are moving towards the mainstream market, becoming an important force in changing the mode of transportation. However, the number of autonomous driving accidents has been increasing year by year, and related disputes have become increasingly complex. The issue of liability division and legal regulation has become a prominent bottleneck restricting the healthy development of the industry. This paper takes the liability division and legal regulation of autonomous driving accidents as the core of the research, based on the analysis of the causes and specific characteristics of autonomous driving accidents. It examines the current application status and limitations of China’s current laws and regulations in the context of autonomous driving scenarios, deeply analyzes the problems such as ambiguous attribution of responsibility, inconsistent application of liability principles, and difficulties in evidence presentation caused by algorithm black boxes in judicial practice. From the four dimensions of improving specialized legislation, establishing on-road entry and safety review systems, strengthening algorithm and data supervision, and improving post-event relief mechanisms, it proposes targeted legal regulation improvement paths, aiming to clarify the responsibility boundaries of autonomous driving accidents, balance technological innovation and rights protection, and provide legal support for the healthy and orderly development of China’s autonomous driving industry.