《生态环境法典》“一体化保护”的规范构造研究

Research on the Normative Structure of “Integrated Protection” in the Ecological and Environmental Code

摘要: “山水林田湖草沙是生命共同体”理念向法律规范的转化，构成了《中华人民共和国生态环境法典》(以下简称《生态环境法典》)“一体化保护”规范构造的法理基础。本文从法教义学立场出发，系统阐释该理念融入法典的法理逻辑，揭示总则“体系性原则”与分编“类型化展开”之间的规范层级关系。通过分析生态保护编中“要素保护”与“系统治理”双重视角的规范结构，并阐明规划协同、补偿协同、执法协同三类制度的法理功能，法典通过“总则统摄–分编展开–程序贯通”的三层构造，实现了从生态整体性到法律系统性的规范跃迁，为破解环境治理碎片化提供了体系化的法治方案。其中，“一体化保护”作为体系性原则、解释基准与裁量基准，其规范内涵通过约束性效力与导向性效力的分层配置得以实现。

Abstract: The transformation of the concept that “mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and deserts are a community of life” into legal norms constitutes the jurisprudential foundation for the normative structure of “integrated protection” in the Ecological and Environmental Code of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Ecological and Environmental Code). From the perspective of legal dogmatics, this paper systematically elucidates the jurisprudential logic underlying the integration of this concept into the Code, reveals the normative hierarchical relationship between the “systematic principle” in the General Provisions and the “typological elaboration” in the separate books, analyzes the normative structure of the dual perspective of “element protection” and “systematic governance” in the Ecological Protection Book, and clarifies the jurisprudential functions of three types of coordination mechanisms: planning coordination, compensation coordination, and law enforcement coordination. This paper argues that the Code, through its three-tier structure of “General Provisions as the overarching framework-elaboration in separate books-procedural integration”, accomplishes a normative transition from ecological holism to legal systematicity. Within this structure, “integrated protection”, serving as a systematic principle, interpretive benchmark, and discretionary standard, is given effect through the stratified allocation of binding and guiding legal force. It is thus evident that this normative structure provides a systematized rule-of-law solution for overcoming fragmented environmental governance.