跨境电商、平台经济与全球价值链再分工

Cross-Border E-Commerce, Platform Economy, and Global Value Chain Reconfiguration

摘要: 基于全球价值链理论与平台经济理论，系统分析了跨境电商平台如何通过多维赋能机制推动全球价值链再分工，并重塑发展中国家出口结构。构建“平台赋能–参与转变–价值链升级–治理重构”的分析框架，从信息成本、交易关系、数字服务与平台治理等维度展开机制分析。研究结果表明：第一，跨境电商通过降低信息与交易成本、优化供需匹配、提供数字服务与供应链基础设施，显著降低企业进入国际市场门槛，推动中小企业由被动嵌入向主动参与转变；第二，推动中小企业由被动进入转向主动参与全球价值链，促进企业向品牌化、服务化与设计等高附加值环节升级；第三，平台通过规则与算法强化治理权，逐步成为全球价值链的重要组织者。研究结论为理解数字贸易背景下全球价值链演变提供了理论参考。

Abstract: Drawing on global value chain theory and platform economy theory, this study systematically analyzes how cross-border e-commerce platforms promote GVC reconfiguration and reshape the export structure of developing countries through multi-dimensional empowerment mechanisms. It constructs an analytical framework of “platform empowerment - participation transformation - value chain upgrading - governance restructuring” and examines the mechanisms from the perspectives of information costs, transaction relationships, digital services, and platform governance. The results show that cross-border e-commerce reduces information and transaction costs, improves supply-demand matching, and provides digital services and supply chain infrastructure, thereby significantly lowering entry barriers and enabling SMEs to shift from passive embedding to active participation in GVCs; meanwhile, it promotes firms’ upgrading toward higher value-added activities such as branding, services, and design; furthermore, platforms strengthen their governance power through rules and algorithms, gradually becoming key organizers of global value chains. These findings provide theoretical insights into the evolution of GVCs in the digital trade era.