《哥达纲领批判》中对“铁的工资规律”的批判及其当代价值

The Critique of the “Iron Law of Wages” in the Gotha Program and Its Contemporary Value

摘要: 1875年拉萨尔提出的“铁的工资规律”被纳入指导工人运动的《哥达纲领》草案中，这一理论以人口自然规律为由否定阶级斗争的作用并推行改良的发展路线，严重违背科学社会主义理论，极易将工人运动引入歧途。随后，马克思迅速在《哥达纲领批判》中对其进行批判，核心是揭示其理论的错误，指明工资是劳动力价值，工人阶级的贫困根源在于社会制度而非简单的人口论。同时改良道路是行不通的，要坚定不移走革命路线才能实现彻底解放无产阶级的伟大事业。马克思这一理论在当下仍有极强的现实穿透力和指导价值。

Abstract: In 1875, Lassalle’s “Iron Law of Wages” was incorporated into the draft of the Gotha Program, which guided the workers’ movement. This theory, using the natural law of population as a justification, denied the role of class struggle and promoted a reformist development path, seriously contravening the theory of scientific socialism and easily leading the workers’ movement astray. Subsequently, Marx promptly criticized it in his Critique of the Gotha Program, with the core purpose of revealing the errors in the theory, pointing out that wages are the value of labor power and that the root cause of the working class’s poverty lies in the social system rather than simply in population theory. At the same time, Marx emphasized that the reformist path is unworkable, and only a steadfast revolutionary route can achieve the great cause of the thorough liberation of the proletariat. Marx’s theory still possesses strong practical insight and guiding value today.