外泌体在肿瘤诊断治疗方面的应用
Application of Exosomes in Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy
DOI: 10.12677/wjcr.2026.163018, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 温书婷：佳木斯大学临床医学院肿瘤学，黑龙江 佳木斯；王尊宪*：佳木斯大学附属第一医院肿瘤综合科，黑龙江 佳木斯
关键词: 外泌体；细胞间通讯；肿瘤微环境；恶性肿瘤；肿瘤治疗；Exosomes； Intercellular Communication； Tumor Microenvironment； Malignant Tumor； Tumor Therapy
摘要: 恶性肿瘤的形成机制是基因突变扰乱细胞的正常复制、分化和死亡，使细胞异常增殖、具有侵袭性和转移性。外泌体是直径40至100 nm之间的细胞外囊泡，通过转移蛋白质、脂质、核酸和其他代谢物质介导细胞间通讯，影响肿瘤微环境，调控肿瘤细胞活动。外泌体对肿瘤的作用具有双重性，既可以激活致癌通路，也可作为肿瘤生物标志物或治疗靶点。标准的治疗方法可能会损害健康细胞并引发毒性副作用，因此基于外泌体特性开发更有效、更精准的治疗方法对改善患者预后至关重要。文章旨在探讨外泌体在实体瘤进展中的作用，并为恶性肿瘤治疗提供新方向。
Abstract: The pathogenesis of malignant tumors involves gene mutations that disrupt the normal replication, differentiation, and apoptosis of cells, leading to abnormal cell proliferation, invasiveness, and metastasis. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 40~100 nm that mediate intercellular communication by transferring proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other metabolites, thereby modulating the tumor microenvironment and regulating the behavior of tumor cells. Exosomes exert a dual role in tumors: they can activate oncogenic signaling pathways, while also serving as potential tumor biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Conventional therapeutic approaches may damage healthy cells and induce toxic side effects; therefore, the development of more effective and precise therapeutic strategies based on the characteristics of exosomes is crucial for improving patient prognosis. This review aims to explore the role of exosomes in the progression of solid tumors and provide novel directions for the treatment of malignant tumors.
文章引用：温书婷, 王尊宪. 外泌体在肿瘤诊断治疗方面的应用[J]. 世界肿瘤研究, 2026, 16(3): 167-175. https://doi.org/10.12677/wjcr.2026.163018

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