关于RAB13在肿瘤发生发展中作用的研究进展

Research Progress on the Role of RAB13 in Tumorigenesis and Tumor Development

摘要: RAB13属于RAS相关小GTP酶(RAB)家族，在细胞内主要参与囊泡运输和膜蛋白的循环回收。由于这些基础功能，它在维持细胞极性、保持紧密连接结构完整以及引导定向迁移等过程中都不可或缺。近年来，越来越多的研究注意到RAB13在多种恶性肿瘤中存在异常表达，并且这种异常并非孤立现象——该蛋白能够通过多条途径介入肿瘤的恶性进程，包括调控肿瘤干细胞微环境、介导上皮–间质转化、影响细胞外囊泡介导的通讯，以及诱导治疗抵抗等。基于上述背景，文章首先介绍RAB13的分子结构特征和基本生物学功能，其次系统总结其在恶性肿瘤中的表达异常模式、关键作用机制及预后价值，最后对靶向RAB13的小分子抑制剂筛选和老药新用等治疗探索进行梳理。希望能为深入理解RAB13在肿瘤进展中的复杂角色，以及后续诊疗方法的开发提供一定的理论参考。

Abstract: RAB13 belongs to the RAS-related small GTPase (RAB) family and is mainly involved in vesicle transport and membrane protein recycling in cells. Due to these basic functions, it is indispensable in maintaining cell polarity, maintaining the integrity of the tight junction structure, and guiding directional migration. In recent years, more and more studies have noted that RAB13 is abnormally expressed in a variety of malignant tumors, and this abnormality is not an isolated phenomenon—the protein can intervene in the malignant progression of tumors through multiple pathways, including regulating the tumor stem cell microenvironment, mediating epithelial-mesenchymal transition, affecting extracellular vesicle-mediated communication, and inducing treatment resistance. Based on the above background, this paper first introduces the molecular structure characteristics and basic biological functions of RAB13, then systematically summarizes its abnormal expression pattern, key mechanism, and prognostic value in malignant tumors, and finally sorts out the treatment exploration of small molecule inhibitor screening and new use of old drugs targeting RAB13. It is hoped to provide a theoretical reference for further understanding the complex role of RAB13 in tumor progression and the development of subsequent diagnosis and treatment methods.