新工科背景下材料类实验课程教学改革与实践——以高熵合金设计与表征为例

Teaching Reform and Practice of Materials Experiment Courses under the Background of Emerging Engineering Education—Taking High-Entropy Alloy Design and Characterization as an Example

摘要: 在新工科“交叉融合、跨界整合、创新驱动”理念指引下，本文针对材料类实验教学存在的内容滞后、流程固化、体系割裂、评价单一等问题，以高熵合金设计与表征为实践载体，开展实验课程改革探索。研究重构“知识、能力、素养”三位一体教学目标，搭建递进式模块化实验内容，采用“问题链”牵引教学模式，建立覆盖教学全流程的多元化过程性评价机制，形成“基础训练–综合应用–创新探究”三层次螺旋递进的实验教学体系。实践证明，改革有效弥补传统实验教学短板，提升学生工程实践能力、科研思维与创新素养，推动教育目标从知识传授向能力与素养培育转变，为新工科材料类卓越工程人才培养提供可借鉴、可推广的实践方案。

Abstract: Guided by the core concepts of “interdisciplinary integration, cross-border integration and innovation-driven” in emerging engineering education, this paper carries out the teaching reform exploration of materials experiment courses aiming at the prominent problems existing in current materials experiment teaching, such as lack of cutting-edge nature, solidified process, fragmented curriculum system and single evaluation method. Taking the design and characterization of high-entropy alloys as the practical carrier, this study reconstructs the advanced teaching goal of the trinity of “knowledge, ability and quality”, builds a progressive modular experiment content, innovates the teaching mode driven by “problem chain”, and establishes a diversified process evaluation mechanism covering the whole process. Finally, an experimental teaching system with three-level spiral progression of “basic training - comprehensive application - innovative inquiry” is constructed. The practical results show that the reform mode effectively makes up for the shortcomings of traditional experimental teaching, significantly improves students’ engineering practice ability, scientific research thinking and innovation quality, and successfully realizes the transformation of educational objectives from knowledge imparting to ability and quality cultivation. It provides a feasible and popular practical reference for the cultivation of outstanding engineering talents in materials under the background of emerging engineering education.