乡村振兴背景下农村养老服务政策执行偏差及矫正机制研究

Research on the Implementation Deviation and Correction Mechanism of Rural Elderly Care Service Policy under the Background of Rural Revitalization

摘要: 乡村振兴的全面实施为农村养老服务发展带来了历史性机遇，但政策执行过程中存在的偏差问题制约了政策效能的充分发挥。本文运用史密斯政策执行过程模型，从理想化政策、执行机构、目标群体和环境因素四个维度，系统分析农村养老服务政策执行偏差的生成逻辑与表现形式。研究发现，政策文本的弹性表述构成源头性障碍，基层执行机构的资源匮乏与协同梗阻形成过程性制约，老年群体的认知偏差与参与障碍产生对象性阻力，乡村振兴进程中的情境制约造成外部性限制，四者相互交织形成传导链条，共同影响着政策执行的效果。基于此，本文提出构建政策优化机制、执行创新机制和参与促进与环境重塑机制三位一体的矫正体系，以期为推进农村养老服务政策有效落地、实现乡村振兴与养老事业协同发展提供理论参考和实践借鉴。

Abstract: The comprehensive implementation of rural revitalization has created historic opportunities for the development of rural elderly care services, yet deviations in policy execution have constrained the full realization of policy effectiveness. This study employs the Smith Policy Implementation Process Model to systematically analyze the mechanisms and manifestations of policy implementation deviations in rural elderly care services across four dimensions: idealized policies, implementing agencies, target populations, and environmental factors. The research reveals that flexible wording in policy texts constitutes a fundamental obstacle; resource scarcity and coordination barriers among grassroots implementing agencies create procedural constraints; cognitive biases and participation barriers among elderly populations generate objective resistance; and contextual limitations during rural revitalization impose external constraints. These four factors interweave to form a transmission chain collectively influencing policy implementation outcomes. Based on these findings, this paper proposes a tripartite corrective framework comprising policy optimization mechanisms, implementation innovation mechanisms, and participation promotion/environmental reshaping mechanisms, aiming to provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for effectively implementing rural elderly care policies and achieving synergistic development between rural revitalization and elderly care initiatives.