反不正当竞争法视角下的IPO“专利狙击” 规制困境与法律应对

The Regulatory Dilemma and Legal Responses to IPO “Patent Sniping”: An Anti-Unfair Competition Law Perspective

摘要: 伴随我国资本市场注册制改革深入，IPO“专利狙击”纠纷数量呈明显上升趋势。本文以典型案例为切入点，首先厘清IPO“专利狙击”的概念与行为特征，再从反不正当竞争法的视角进行分析。研究显示，当前《反不正当竞争法》一般条款适用于IPO“专利狙击”规制时，存在适用路径不明确、主观恶意认定标准不统一、损害赔偿范围有限等问题。结合域外同类纠纷的规制经验，本文针对上述问题提出具体完善路径：明确一般条款的适用条件，细化主观恶意的认定标准，引入惩罚性赔偿制度，健全诉讼阶段的程序衔接机制，同时构建知识产权法与竞争法的联动规制体系，为遏制IPO“专利狙击”行为、维护市场公平竞争秩序提供规则层面的参考。

Abstract: With the deepening of the registration-based reform of China’s capital market, the number of disputes related to IPO “patent sniping” shows a clear upward trend. This paper takes the case of RuweiMei Company vs. Yushu Technology as an entry point, first clarifying the concept and behavioral characteristics of IPO “patent sniping”, and then analyzing it from the perspective of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law. The study shows that when the general provisions of the current Anti-Unfair Competition Law are applied to the regulation of IPO “patent sniping”, there are four main issues: unclear application paths, inconsistent standards for determining subjective malice, limited scope of damage compensation, and insufficient procedural safeguard mechanisms. Drawing on the regulatory experience of similar foreign disputes, this paper proposes specific improvement approaches to address the above issues: clarify the applicable conditions for the general provisions, refine the standards for determining subjective malice, introduce punitive damages, strengthen the procedural coordination mechanism during litigation, and construct a linked regulatory system between intellectual property law and competition law, providing a rule-based reference to curb IPO “patent sniping” and maintain a fair market competition order.