上海市奉贤区酸雨污染监测质量控制 与成因分析及防控对策

Quality Control, Causal Analysis, and Prevention and Control Strategies for Acid Rain Pollution Monitoring in Fengxian District, Shanghai

摘要: 以上海市奉贤区2021年~2025年期间降水监测与大气污染源统计数据为基础，依据《酸沉降监测技术规范》构建全流程监测质量控制体系，系统分析区域酸雨污染特征、演变规律及驱动成因。结果表明：奉贤区2021年~2025年年均降水量较2016年~2020年减少47.7%，酸雨频率由2016年93.3%回落至50.7%~69.1%，降水pH加权均值由4.8升至5.3；降水致酸阴离子由硫酸根主导转为硝酸根主导，硫酸根/硝酸根当量浓度比降至0.60，酸雨类型由混合型转变为硝酸型。核心成因包括能源结构清洁化使SO₂大幅减排、工业与机动车NO_x排放占比提升、区域污染物传输及碱性中和离子衰减。最后从监测质控优化、污染源精准管控、区域联防联控等方面提出防控对策，为长三角郊区硝酸型酸雨治理提供技术支撑。

Abstract: Based on precipitation monitoring and air pollution source statistics during the 2021~2025 in Fengxian District, Shanghai, a full-process monitoring quality control system was constructed according to the “Technical Specification for Acid Deposition Monitoring”. The characteristics, evolution patterns, and driving causes of regional acid rain pollution were systematically analyzed. Results showed that the average annual precipitation in Fengxian District during the 2021~2025 decreased by 47.7% compared to the 2016~2020; the frequency of acid rain decreased from 93.3% in 2016 to 50.7%~69.1%; the weighted average pH of precipitation increased from 4.8 to 5.3; the dominant acid-causing anions in precipitation changed from sulfate to nitrate, the sulfate/nitrate equivalent concentration ratio decreased to 0.60, and the acid rain type changed from mixed to nitrate-type. The core causes include a significant reduction in SO₂ emissions due to cleaner energy structures, an increased proportion of NO_x emissions from industry and motor vehicles, regional pollutant transport, and the attenuation of alkaline neutralizing ions. Finally, prevention and control strategies are proposed from aspects such as optimized monitoring quality control, precise management of pollution sources, and regional joint prevention and control, providing technical support for the treatment of nitric acid rain in the suburbs of the Yangtze River Delta.