症状科学模型在脑卒中后吞咽障碍中的 研究进展及启示
Research Progress and Enlightenment of Symptom Science Model in Patients with Post-Stroke Dysphagia
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.1672571, PDF,   
作者: 赵维笑：黑龙江中医药大学研究生院，黑龙江 哈尔滨；黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院急诊科，黑龙江 哈尔滨；王丽芹*：黑龙江中医药大学第一临床医学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨；黑龙江中医药大学护理学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨
关键词: 症状科学模型；脑卒中；吞咽障碍；精准护理；综述；生物标志物；多学科协作；Symptom Science Model； Stroke； Dysphagia； Precision Nursing； Review； Biomarkers； Multidisciplinary Collaboration
摘要: 脑卒中后吞咽障碍是常见的并发症，可引起误吸、肺炎、营养不良、心理障碍及社会隔离等一系列复杂症状，严重影响患者预后与生活质量。症状科学模型(Symptom Science Model, SSM)整合复杂症状、表型特征、生物行为因素、临床应用四大核心要素，以及以患者为中心的体验、健康的社会决定因素、政策与人口健康三个影响因素，为慢性病症状精准管理提供系统理论框架。本文梳理SSM的发展与核心内涵，系统评述其在脑卒中后吞咽障碍中的应用现状，并提出护理实践启示。旨在为脑卒中后吞咽障碍的科学管理和精准护理提供参考。
Abstract: Post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) is a common complication that causes aspiration, pneumonia, malnutrition, psychological distress, and social isolation, severely impairing prognosis and quality of life. The Symptom Science Model (SSM) integrates four core elements—complex symptoms, phenotypic characteristics, biobehavioral factors, and clinical applications—and three influencing factors—patient-centered experience, social determinants of health, and policy/population health—providing a systematic framework for precision symptom management in chronic diseases. This article summarizes the development and core components of SSM, reviews its current applications in PSD, and proposes nursing implications. Limitations include weak evidence for specific biomarkers, limited multi-omics applications, and insufficient stratified interventions. The findings aim to inform scientific management and precision nursing for PSD.
文章引用：赵维笑, 王丽芹. 症状科学模型在脑卒中后吞咽障碍中的 研究进展及启示[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(7): 646-655. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.1672571

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