人口流动背景下民族村寨养老转型研究——以贵州省黔东南州台江县反排村为例

Research on the Transformation of Elderly Care in Ethnic Villages under the Background of Population Mobility—A Case Study of Fanpai Village, Taijiang County, Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou Province

摘要: 人口流动与人口老龄化双重叠加，给西南民族村寨传统养老体系带来严峻挑战。本文以贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州台江县反排苗寨为研究对象，运用民族学、社会学相关理论，分析人口流动背景下反排村传统养老模式的瓦解困境，挖掘苗族文化的本土优势，探索适配的养老转型路径。研究表明，青壮年外流导致家庭养老缺位、宗族互助弱化及服务适配不足，加剧养老难题，依托苗族孝文化、宗族社群等本土资源构建“文化赋能 + 多元协同”养老体系，是民族村寨养老转型的核心路径，可为西南纯民族聚居村寨及民族文化与现代养老融合提供参考。

Abstract: The double superposition of population mobility and population aging has brought severe challenges to the traditional elderly care system in ethnic villages in Southwest China. Taking Fanpai Miao Village, Taijiang County, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province as the research object, this paper uses relevant theories of ethnology and sociology to analyze the collapse dilemma of the traditional elderly care model in Fanpai Village under the background of population mobility, explore the local advantages of Miao culture, and explore the suitable transformation path of elderly care. The research shows that the outflow of young and middle-aged people leads to the absence of family elderly care, the weakening of clan mutual assistance and the insufficient service adaptation, which exacerbates the elderly care problems. Constructing a “culture-empowered + multi-stakeholder collaboration” elderly care system relying on local resources such as Miao filial piety culture and clan communities is the core path for the transformation of elderly care in ethnic villages, which can provide reference for pure ethnic settlements in Southwest China and the integration of ethnic culture with modern elderly care.