轻罪治理背景下罪错未成年人分级处遇机制 研究

Research on the Graded Treatment Mechanism for Delinquent Minors in the Context of Minor Crime Governance

摘要: 在轻罪案件占比持续上升的犯罪结构变动下，轻罪治理已成为刑事司法体系现代化的关键命题。在此背景下，作为未成年人司法核心构成的罪错未成年人分级处遇机制，正面临从理念设计到实践落地的系统性困境。国家亲权理论与恢复性司法理念为其构筑了深厚的法理根基，而轻罪治理所秉持的“宽严相济”政策取向，则与之存在深层的内在逻辑耦合。然而，当前我国罪错未成年人分级处遇机制在实践中仍面临立法分散、分级标准模糊、处遇措施单一、程序保障不足以及社会支持体系薄弱等多重困境。为此，应当从明确罪错行为分级标准、优化分级处遇措施体系、健全程序性保障机制以及构建社会化支持网络等方面进行系统完善，推动建立符合中国特色的罪错未成年人分级处遇机制，实现保护社会与保障未成年人权益的双重目标。本文从轻罪治理视角切入，剖析罪错未成年人分级处遇机制的理论根基、实践困境与优化路径。

Abstract: Under the structural shift in crime characterized by a continuously rising proportion of minor offense cases, the governance of minor crimes has become a key proposition in the modernization of the criminal justice system. In this context, the graded treatment mechanism for delinquent minors, as a core component of juvenile justice, is confronting systemic difficulties from conceptual design to practical implementation. The doctrine of parens patriae and the concept of restorative justice have built a deep jurisprudential foundation for it, while the policy orientation of “balancing leniency and severity” upheld in minor crime governance has a profound intrinsic logical coupling with it. However, at present, China’s graded treatment mechanism for delinquent minors still faces multiple dilemmas in practice, including fragmented legislation, ambiguous grading standards, undiversified treatment measures, insufficient procedural safeguards, and a weak social support system. Therefore, systematic improvements should be made by clarifying the grading criteria for delinquent behaviors, optimizing the graded treatment measures system, strengthening procedural safeguard mechanisms, and building a socialized support network, so as to promote the establishment of a graded treatment mechanism for delinquent minors with Chinese characteristics and achieve the dual goals of protecting society and safeguarding the rights and interests of minors. This paper, from the perspective of minor crime governance, analyzes the theoretical foundations, practical difficulties, and optimization paths of the graded treatment mechanism for delinquent minors.