人的本质思想的理论逻辑、价值意蕴与时代启示——以《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》第六条为浅析

The Theoretical Logic, Value Connotation and Contemporary Enlightenment of the Idea of Human Essence—A Brief Analysis Based on the Sixth Thesis of Theses on Feuerbach

摘要: 本文以《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》第六条为研究基点，打破了传统哲学对人性的抽象化、静态化认知，确立了以实践、社会关系、历史发展为核心的科学人性观，是马克思主义人学理论形成的重要标志。结合《1844年经济学哲学手稿》《德意志意识形态》《资本论》等经典著作互证可见，这一论断是马克思人学思想不断深化的理论结晶。在此基础上，深入剖析该思想的理论价值与现实意蕴，阐释其对抽象人性论的超越、对科学人性观构建的指引作用以及对社会发展研究的方法论价值。同时客观正视这一诞生于特定历史阶段的理论在当代语境下的适用边界。立足社会发展语境，结合当代社会发展现实，挖掘人的本质思想的时代启示，从人与自然协同发展、个人与社会价值统一、社会环境建设助力人性发展三个层面，探索马克思人学思想当代落地的实践路径。

Abstract: Taking the Sixth Thesis of Theses on Feuerbach as the research starting point, this paper breaks the abstract and static understanding of human nature in traditional philosophy, and establishes a scientific view of human nature centered on practice, social relations and historical development, which marks the formation of Marxist theory of human studies. Cross-verified with classic works such as Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, The German Ideology and Das Kapital, this thesis represents the theoretical achievement of Marx’s continuous exploration and deepening of his thoughts on human beings. On this basis, the paper profoundly analyzes the theoretical value and practical implication of the thought, and illustrates its transcendence over the abstract theory of human nature, its guiding significance for constructing a scientific view of human nature, as well as its methodological value for the research on social development. Meanwhile, it objectively recognizes the applicable limitations of this theory born in a specific historical era when applied to the contemporary context. Based on the current social context and realistic conditions, this paper explores the contemporary enlightenment of the thought on human essence. From three dimensions including the coordinated development of human and nature, the unity of individual and social values, and the improvement of social environment for the development of human nature, it discusses the practical paths for the implementation of Marxist thoughts on human beings in modern society.