人工智能时代马克思劳动价值论的挑战与创新

The Challenges and Innovations of Marx’s Labor Theory of Value in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

摘要: 马克思认为人的劳动是创造价值的唯一源泉，他在《资本论》第一卷中指出：“一切劳动，一方面是人类劳动力在生理学意义上的耗费；就相同的或抽象的人类劳动这个属性来说，它形成商品价值。”而人工智能技术的迅猛发展深刻改变了当前社会的生产生活方式，尤其是ChatGPT、Sora等智能工具出现后，西方学界始终充斥着马克思的劳动价值论已经不适用于当前社会的观点，马克思劳动价值论作为经典的科学理论面临着全新的审视。我们应立足实际，把握时代大势，科学回应争议。马克思的劳动价值论需要在数字时代进行创新与革新，这是不争的事实，但我们应该看到，人工智能的发展不过是生产工具的变革，最终带来的也只有生产效率的极大提高，并没有产生机器发展的“质变”，更不可能替代人类，成为价值创造的主体。本文通过对人工智能背景下劳动新特点的剖析，重新审视价值创造过程，拓展劳动内涵，更为我国社会经济的健康、可持续发展持续赋能，促进对资本主义经济本质的再认识。

Abstract: Marx believed that human labor is the only source of value creation. In Volume 1 of Capital, he pointed out that “all labor, on the one hand, is the physiological consumption of human labor; in terms of the same or abstract attribute of human labor, it forms commodity value.” However, the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology has profoundly changed the current way of production and life in society, especially after the emergence of intelligent tools such as ChatGPT and Sora. The Western academic community has always been filled with the view that Marx’s labor theory of value is no longer applicable to the current society. Marx’s labor theory of value, as a classic scientific theory, is facing a new scrutiny. We should base ourselves on reality, grasp the trend of the times, and respond scientifically to controversies. Marx’s labor theory of value requires innovation and reform in the digital age, which is an undeniable fact. However, we should recognize that the development of artificial intelligence is merely a transformation of production tools, ultimately resulting in a significant increase in production efficiency, without producing a “qualitative change” in machine development, let alone replacing humans as the main body of value creation. This article analyzes the new characteristics of labor under the background of artificial intelligence, re examines the process of value creation, expands the connotation of labor, and continuously empowers the healthy and sustainable development of China’s social economy, promoting are understanding of the essence of capitalist economy.