数字时代社交媒体用户的劳动异化批判及其超越

Critique of Labor Alienation of Social Media Users in the Digital Age and Its Transcendence

摘要: 随着数字技术的飞速发展，数字劳动在全球范围内愈发普遍，已然成为21世纪资本主义社会重要的劳动形式之一。然而，数字时代社交媒体用户的数字劳动及其产品却成为异己力量，反过来支配劳动者自身。本文基于马克思异化劳动理论，对数字时代社交媒体用户的劳动属性和异化现象进行批判性分析。研究首先论证了用户在平台上的活动何以具有数字劳动的特质，进而以马克思的异化劳动理论为支撑来剖析用户劳动异化的具体生成逻辑。研究揭示了平台通过反馈的即时性、数据的量化与情感动员等手段，将剥削本质隐匿于用户的主动参与和自我实现的幻觉之下。最后，本研究从主体、客体与外部环境几个层面提出解决路径，以期为批判和超越数字劳动异化现象，促进劳动者主体性的回归提供参考。

Abstract: With the rapid development of digital technology, digital labor has become increasingly prevalent worldwide and has already emerged as an important form of labor in 21st-century capitalist society. However, the digital labor of social media users in the digital age and its products have turned into an alien force that dominates the laborers themselves. Drawing on Marx’s theory of alienated labor, this paper provides a critical analysis of the labor attributes and alienated phenomena of social media users in the digital era. The study first demonstrates why users’activities on platforms possess the characteristics of digital labor, and then, based on Marx’s theory of alienated labor, analyzes the specific generative logic of user labor alienation. The study reveals how platforms, through means such as instant feedback, data quantification, and emotional mobilization, conceal the essence of exploitation beneath the illusion of users’ active participation and self-realization. Finally, this study proposes solutions from the levels of the subject, the object, and the external environment, aiming to provide a reference for criticizing and transcending digital labor alienation and for promoting the restoration of laborer subjectivity.