数智时代隐私权保护的挑战与应对

Challenges and Responses to Privacy Protection in the Digital Intelligence Era

摘要: 数智时代隐私权正在从消极的不受侵扰的权利，演变为一种积极的个人信息自我决定与对抗自动化决策的复合型基本权利。传统隐私权具有时代局限，数智时代隐私权权利主体仍为个人，但侵权主体扩展至政府、网络平台等多元主体。客体范围从传统领域延伸到个人数据足迹、虚拟空间隐私以及算法干预下的私人事务等新领域。隐私权范围扩张带来的权力博弈、制度缺位、技术失控等挑战，需要通过完善宪法解释与救济途径、构建隐私增强型技术与合规标准、建立多元协同监管机制等手段，以平衡技术发展与权利保障的关系。

Abstract: In the era of digital intelligence, the right to privacy is evolving from a negative right to be free from intrusion into a positive, composite fundamental right that integrates personal information self-determination with the right to challenge automated decision-making. The traditional right to privacy bears the limitations of its own time. In the digital-intelligence era, while the subject of the right remains the individual, the infringing actors have expanded to diverse entities such as governments and online platforms. The object of the right extends from traditional domains to new spheres, including personal data footprints, privacy in virtual spaces, and private affairs subject to algorithmic intervention. The expansion of the scope of the right to privacy gives rise to challenges such as power struggles, institutional gaps, and loss of technological control. These challenges must be addressed by improving constitutional interpretation and remedies, establishing privacy-enhancing technologies and compliance standards, and building a multi-stakeholder, coordinated regulatory mechanism, so as to balance technological development with the protection of rights.