技术赋能与价值回归：马克思主义政治经济学视域下银发经济发展的逻辑与路径

Technology Empowerment and Value Return: The Logic and Path of Silver Economy Development from the Perspective of Marxist Political Economy

摘要: 在人口老龄化程度持续加深的背景下，推动银发经济高质量发展已成为落实积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的关键议题。本文基于马克思主义政治经济学理论，以“技术赋能与价值回归”为分析框架，系统阐释银发经济发展的理论逻辑、现实梗阻与优化路径。研究表明：在技术赋能层面，先进技术通过对劳动资料的智能化升级、资源配置方式的深层变革以及价值创造模式的结构性重构，为银发经济注入新动能并重塑养老服务领域的生产关系；在价值回归层面，资本逐利驱动下技术进步面临技术异化、数字鸿沟加剧、城乡资源分配失衡等现实矛盾，集中体现为资本逻辑与民生逻辑的深层张力，亟需回归以人民为中心的价值取向。破解上述难题，需坚持人民至上原则，通过培育复合型养老劳动者队伍、优化养老服务领域生产关系格局、推动智慧养老技术普惠化发展等路径，实现技术赋能与价值回归的动态平衡。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of continuously deepening population aging, promoting the high-quality development of the silver economy has become a key issue in implementing the national strategy of actively responding to population aging. Based on the theory of Marxist political economy and adopting “technology empowerment and value return” as an analytical framework, this paper systematically elucidates the theoretical logic, practical obstacles, and optimization paths for the development of the silver economy. The research shows that, at the level of technology empowerment, advanced technologies inject new momentum into the silver economy and reshape the relations of production in the field of elderly care through the intelligent upgrading of the means of labor, deep reforms in resource allocation methods, and structural reconstruction of value creation models. At the level of value return, driven by the profit-seeking nature of capital, technological progress faces practical contradictions such as technological alienation, a widening digital divide, and imbalanced urban-rural resource allocation, which collectively manifest as a deep tension between capital logic and livelihood logic, necessitating an urgent return to a people-centered value orientation. To address these challenges, it is essential to adhere to the principle of putting the people first, and to achieve a dynamic balance between technology empowerment and value return by cultivating a new type of elderly care workforce, optimizing the pattern of production relations in the elderly care sector, and promoting the inclusive development of smart elderly care technologies.