风化煤保水缓释肥的制备及其沙化土壤固沙保肥效应研究

Preparation of Weathered Coal-Based Slow-Release Fertilizer and Its Sand-Fixing and Nutrient-Retention Effects in Sandy Soil

摘要: 新疆作为祖国腹地不仅有着丰富的煤炭资源，还有大量的戈壁沙漠，是未来发展工业农业的战略要地。作为矿渣废料的风化煤富含腐植酸，经KOH活化、氮肥络合改性后与保水剂复合经微乳化－高剪切－非均相混聚技术制备高效保水缓释肥。该材料在沙化土壤中表现显著：胶结作用使>1 mm团聚体增加7.3倍，固结层抗压强度达5.30~16.10 MPa，抗风蚀性能优异；沙土含水量提高水分下渗与蒸发显著减缓，综合实现固沙、保水、保肥与土壤改良一体化效应，实现低碳绿色循环，为荒漠化生态修复提供低成本高效方案。

Abstract: As the hinterland of China, Xinjiang possesses abundant coal resources and vast Gobi deserts, serving as a strategic region for future industrial and agricultural development. Weathered coal, typically considered mining waste, is rich in humic acid. In this study, high-efficiency water-retaining slow-release fertilizer was prepared via a micro-emulsification, high-shear, and heterogeneous coagulation technique. The process involved KOH activation and nitrogen fertilizer complexation modification, followed by compounding with a water-retaining agent. The material demonstrated significant performance in sandy soil: the cementation effect increased the content of >1 mm aggregates by 7.3 times, and the compressive strength of the consolidated layer reached 5.30~16.10 MPa, exhibiting excellent wind erosion resistance. Furthermore, the water content of the sandy soil was improved, while infiltration and evaporation were significantly retarded. Consequently, the fertilizer achieves an integrated effect of sand fixation, water and fertilizer retention, and soil improvement. This approach facilitates a low-carbon green cycle and provides a cost-effective, high-efficiency solution for the ecological restoration of desertification.