以专科护士为主导的容量管理策略在慢性心力衰竭加重期患者中的应用效果

Efficacy of Capacity Management Strategies Led by Specialized Nurses in Patients with Worsening Chronic Heart Failure

摘要: 目的：构建专科护士为主导慢性心力衰竭加重患者容量管理策略，将其应用于临床实践并评价其效果，为后续制定慢性心力衰竭加重期患者针对性相关措施提供参考依据。方法：制订以专科护士为主导的慢性心衰加重患者容量管理策略，包括心衰健康管理团队的组建与分工、个体化容量超负荷预警管理策略、多元化容量管理健康宣教、以患者需求为导向的出院准备服务等。便利抽样法选择2025年7月至2025年12月在心血管内科慢性心力衰竭加重期患者为研究对象，按出院先后将两组患者分为对照组(2025年7~9月)和观察组(2025年10~12月)，对2025年10~12月收治的患者实施以专科护士为主导的容量管理策略，与2025年7~9月收治的患者对比，分析两组心衰加重患者空腹体质量监测率、平均住院天数、干体质量达标时间、出院1个月再入院率、并发症发生率的变化。结果：以专科护士为主导的慢性心力衰竭患者容量管理策略实施后，在平均住院天数、干体质量达标时间、并发症发生率、出院1个月再入院率及空腹体质量监测率方面，观察组患者较对照组差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论：以专科护士为主导的慢性心力衰竭患者容量管理策略对于改善慢性心力衰竭加重患者健康结局、延缓疾病的恶化、降低再入院率等具有重要意义，有助于提高患者生活质量和就医体验。

Abstract: Objective: To develop a capacity management protocol for chronic heart failure exacerbation patients led by specialized nurses, evaluate its clinical application and effectiveness, and provide reference for formulating targeted measures for advanced-stage chronic heart failure patients. Methods: A capacity management protocol for chronic heart failure exacerbation patients led by specialized nurses was developed, including the formation and division of labor within the heart failure health management team, personalized overload warning management strategies, diversified capacity management health education, and patient-oriented discharge preparation services. Convenience sampling was used to select patients with chronic heart failure exacerbation in the Department of Cardiology from July to December 2024 as study subjects. Patients were divided into two groups based on discharge time: control group (July-September 2024) and observation group (October-December 2024). The specialized nurse-led capacity management protocol was implemented for patients admitted between October and December 2024, compared with those admitted between July and September 2024. Analysis focused on changes in fasting body mass monitoring rate, average hospitalization days, dry body mass achievement time, readmission rate within one month after discharge, and complication incidence rates between the two groups. Results: After implementing the specialized nurse-led capacity management protocol for chronic heart failure patients, the observation group showed statistically significant differences compared to the control group in average hospitalization days, dry body mass achievement time, complication incidence rate, readmission rate within one month after discharge, and fasting body mass monitoring rate (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The capacity management program for chronic heart failure patients led by specialized nurses is of great significance to improve the health outcome of patients with chronic heart failure aggravation, delay the deterioration of the disease, reduce the rate of readmission, and help improve the quality of life and medical experience of patients.