儿童变应性鼻炎中医病机研究进展

Research Progress on Pathogenesis of Pediatric Allergic Rhinitis in Traditional Chinese Medicine

摘要: 儿童变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis, AR)是儿科常见慢性变态反应性疾病，归属于中医“鼻鼽”范畴，病情反复迁延，易诱发多种呼吸道并发症，严重影响儿童生长发育与身心健康。中医诊疗本病具有整体辨证、标本兼顾之优势，而病机辨识是其辨证施治的核心依据。本文综合评述前人观点，梳理儿童变应性鼻炎中医病机认识，归纳现代医家提出的病机创新观点，涵盖五脏失和、伏风潜藏、血热生风、久病入络等核心病机内涵，深入阐述本病本虚标实的病机本质，为儿童变应性鼻炎的中医规范化辨证、个体化治疗及预防性干预提供理论参考。

Abstract: Pediatric allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common chronic allergic disorder in pediatric practice, categorized as Biqiu (TCM nomenclature corresponding to allergic rhinitis) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Characterized by recurrent and prolonged clinical courses, the disease tends to trigger various respiratory complications and severely impair children’s growth and development as well as their physical and mental well-being. TCM boasts distinctive strengths in the diagnosis and management of AR, as its therapeutic regime is characterized by holistic syndrome differentiation and simultaneous treatment of the root and branch; elucidation of pathogenesis serves as the core prerequisite for syndrome differentiation-based medication. Based on a review of existing academic findings, this paper systematically collates TCM understandings of the pathogenesis underlying pediatric AR and summarizes innovative pathogenic theories proposed by contemporary TCM clinicians, covering core pathogenic mechanisms including five Zang-organs dysfunction, latent wind, wind stirring due to blood heat, and chronic disease entering collaterals. The essential pathogenic feature of deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality is comprehensively elaborated, providing theoretical evidence for standardized TCM syndrome differentiation, individualized medication and preventive interventions for pediatric allergic rhinitis.