语用翻译学的理论演进与实践应用：关联、言语行为与顺应论视角

Theoretical Evolution and Practical Application of Pragmatic Translation Studies: Perspectives from Relevance Theory, Speech Act Theory, and Adaptation Theory

摘要: 本文从语用学视角探讨翻译的本质与实践，指出翻译不仅是语言符号的转换，更是一种跨文化交际行为。传统翻译研究多聚焦于语言形式的静态对比，而忽视了语境对意义理解与传递的关键作用。语用学为翻译研究提供了重要理论支持，强调译者需在理解原文交际意图与语境的基础上，采取灵活策略实现功能对等。文章系统梳理了语用翻译学的起源与发展，重点分析了言语行为理论、关联理论和顺应论在翻译中的应用，并结合广告语与公示语的具体案例，阐明语用翻译在实际交际中的价值与指导意义。

Abstract: This paper examines the nature and practice of translation from a pragmatic perspective, arguing that translation is not merely a conversion of linguistic signs, but rather a cross-cultural communicative act. Traditional translation studies often focus on static comparisons of linguistic forms, overlooking the crucial role of context in meaning comprehension and transmission. Pragmatics provides important theoretical support for translation studies, emphasizing that translators must understand the communicative intent and context of the source text and adopt flexible strategies to achieve functional equivalence. The paper systematically reviews the origin and development of pragmatic translation, with a focus on the application of speech act theory, relevance theory, and adaptation theory in translation. Using concrete examples from advertising slogans and public signs, it illustrates the value and guiding significance of pragmatic translation in actual communication.