浅谈《红楼梦》中亲属称谓词“哥”泛化的表现及原因

A Brief Discussion on the Expression and Reasons for the Generalization of Kinship Terms “Ge” in “Dream of the Red Chamber”

摘要: 隋唐以来，“哥”字开始作为称谓语使用并产生诸多变体。植根于中国古代的统治模式与传统社会结构以及尊卑、亲疏有别，内外有分的人际交往准则，《红楼梦》中亲属称谓“哥”泛化延伸到非亲属领域，产生了重叠式、添加前后缀、前加人名等多种变体，用于平辈之间称呼年长男性青少年、长辈称呼晚辈男性青少年、主仆之间的敬称等场合。“哥”等亲属称谓的泛化体现了人际交往尊敬与亲密的原则，其丰富的变体有助于填补社会称谓语的空缺，满足交际需要。

Abstract: Since the Sui and Tang dynasties, the character “ge” has been used as a title and has produced many variations. Rooted in the ancient Chinese concept of “homogeneity of family and country” and the patriarchal social structure, as well as the principles of distinction between hierarchy and kinship, and the distinction between internal and external interpersonal communication, the kinship term “ge” in “Dream of the Red Chamber” has been extended to non kinship domains, resulting in multiple variants such as overlapping, adding prefixes and suffixes, and adding personal names. It is used in situations where older male adolescents are addressed by peers, younger male adolescents are addressed by elders, and respectful titles are used between masters and servants. The generalization of kinship terms such as “brother” reflects the principles of respect and intimacy in interpersonal communication, and its rich variations help fill the gaps in social appellations and meet communication needs.