三七中高含量皂苷与肠道菌群的相互作用研究进展

Research Progress on the Interaction between High-Content Saponins of Panax notoginseng and Gut Microbiota

摘要: 口服三七后，其中的主要活性成分–皂苷与肠道菌群之间存在双向相互作用。三七皂苷(PNS)会经肠道内特定细菌所编码的糖苷水解酶催化，转化为稀有次级皂苷。另一方面，PNS及其代谢产物作为“类益生元”物质，能够显著改变肠道菌群的组成与结构。本文综述了三七中高含量皂苷干预肠道菌群结构的现有研究进展，结果显示皂苷对菌群的调节效应在不同疾病模型、干预剂量及宿主生理状态下呈现显著差异，同种皂苷对菌群α多样性及Lactobacillus、Bifidobacterium等菌属的调控方向常有反转。针对现有研究的局限性，后续研究可结合体外菌群与PNS的共培养体系、关键功能基因鉴定等方法，并重点关注菌群代谢产物对宿主的反馈。这将为阐明PNS调节宿主健康的核心作用路径提供参考，并为其基于肠道菌群特征的个体化应用奠定理论基础。

Abstract: After oral administration of Panax notoginseng, there is a bidirectional interaction between its main active components—saponins—and the gut microbiota. P. notoginseng saponins (PNS) are catalyzed by glycoside hydrolases encoded by specific gut bacteria and converted into rare secondary saponins. On the other hand, PNS and their metabolites act as prebiotic-like substances, significantly altering the composition and structure of the gut microbiota. This article reviews current research progress on the intervention of high-content saponins from P. notoginseng in gut microbiota structure. The results show that the regulatory effects of saponins on microbiota vary significantly across different disease models, intervention doses, and host physiological states. The direction of regulation by the same saponin on α diversity and genera such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium is often reversed. Given the limitations of existing studies, future research may combine methods such as in vitro co-culture systems of gut microbiota and PNS, identification of key functional genes, with a focus on the feedback effects of microbial metabolites on the host. This will provide a reference for elucidating the core pathways by which PNS regulate host health, and lay a theoretical foundation for their individualized application based on gut microbiota characteristics.