林业赋能乡村全面振兴：机制、困境与路径——基于多案例比较研究

Forestry Empowering Comprehensive Rural Revitalization: Mechanism, Dilemma and Path—A Comparative Study Based on Multiple Cases

摘要: 林业作为农村生态系统的核心组成、乡村产业的重要支撑，是衔接生态保护与农村发展、破解城乡发展不平衡、推动乡村全面振兴的关键抓手。基于对林草工作的战略部署，结合龙岩上杭、陕西宝鸡、广东翁源等多地实践案例，运用文献研究法、案例分析法与归纳总结法，系统剖析林业赋能乡村全面振兴的内在机制，识别当前林业与农村发展融合过程中存在的突出困境，探索针对性优化路径。研究表明：林业通过生态赋能、产业赋能、制度赋能、民生赋能四大机制，从生态保护、产业增收、治理提升、民生改善四个维度支撑乡村全面振兴；当前二者融合发展面临产权机制不健全、产业价值链偏短、要素保障不足、协同治理乏力等现实困境；需通过深化集体林权制度改革、构建全链条林业产业体系、强化要素保障支撑、健全协同治理机制，推动林业与农村发展深度融合，充分释放林业在乡村振兴中的多元价值，为农村发展提供绿色可持续的发展路径。

Abstract: As the core component of rural ecosystem and the important support of rural industry, forestry is the key to connect ecological protection with rural development, solve the imbalance between urban and rural development, and promote the overall revitalization of rural areas. Based on the strategic deployment of forestry and grass work, combined with many practical cases in Longyan Shanghang, Shaanxi Baoji, Guangdong Wengyuan and other places, using literature research method, case analysis method and inductive summary method, this paper systematically analyzes the internal mechanism of forestry empowering the overall revitalization of rural areas, identifies the outstanding difficulties in the current integration process of forestry and rural development, and explores the targeted optimization path. The research shows that forestry supports the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas from four dimensions: Ecological protection, industrial income increase, governance improvement and people’s livelihood improvement through four mechanisms: Ecological empowerment, industrial empowerment, institutional empowerment and people’s livelihood empowerment. At present, the integrated development of the two is faced with practical difficulties such as imperfect property rights mechanism, short industrial value chain, insufficient factor guarantee, and weak collaborative governance. It is necessary to promote the deep integration of forestry and rural development by deepening the reform of collective forest right system, constructing the whole chain forestry industry system, strengthening the support of factor guarantee, and improving the collaborative governance mechanism, so as to fully release the multiple values of forestry in rural revitalization and provide a green and sustainable development path for rural development.