中小学考试管理改革政策的逻辑理路、现实梗阻与实施路径

The Logical Rationale, Practical Obstacles, and Implementation Pathways of the Examination Management Reform Policy in Primary and Secondary Schools

摘要: 中小学考试管理新政是深化双减改革、重构教育评价生态的关键举措。本文基于政策过程理论，系统剖析该政策的生成逻辑、现实问题与实施路径。研究发现，新政遵循“价值纠偏–问题回应–系统调适”三重逻辑，旨在破除唯分数倾向、减轻学业负担过重困境，并以考试管理改革撬动育人方式整体转型。然而，政策执行仍面临多重现实问题，分数至上观念根深蒂固，学校和教师在命题与过程评价方面存在能力短板，协同治理机制不健全，区域资源不均可能加剧隐性焦虑。为推进政策有效落地，应构建全链条、全过程、多主体的实施体系，具体包括：健全“目标–责任–反馈”管理闭环，强化素养导向的考试命题与过程性评价，开展教师评价能力专项支持，并推动形成政府、学校、教师、家长与社会协同联动的育人格局。本研究试图为理解考试管理改革的深层逻辑、摆脱其执行困境提供整合性分析视角与行动参考。

Abstract: The newly reformed examination management policy for primary and secondary schools constitutes a pivotal measure for deepening the “Double Reduction” reform and reconstructing the educational evaluation ecosystem. Drawing on policy process theory, this study systematically analyzes the policy’s generative logic, practical challenges, and implementation pathways. The findings suggest that the new policy follows a triple logic of “value correction - problem response - systematic adjustment”, aiming to eradicate the score-centric tendency, alleviate excessive academic burden, and leverage examination management reform to drive a holistic transformation of the educational paradigm. Nevertheless, policy implementation faces multiple practical obstacles: the deeply entrenched “score supremacy” mindset, capacity deficiencies among schools and teachers in test design and process-oriented assessment, inadequate collaborative governance mechanisms, and regional disparities in resources that may exacerbate implicit anxiety. To facilitate effective policy implementation, an integrated “whole-chain, whole-process, multi-actor” implementation framework should be established. This includes: refining a closed-loop management system of “goal-responsibility-feedback”, strengthening competency-based test design and formative assessment, providing targeted support for teacher assessment capacity, and fostering a collaborative governance ecosystem involving government, schools, teachers, parents, and society at large. This study aims to provide an integrated analytical perspective and actionable reference for understanding the deep logic of examination management reform and overcoming its implementation dilemmas.