生成式AI时代外语教育的本质与生态重构

The Essence and Ecological Reconstruction of Foreign Language Education in the Era of Generative AI

摘要: 以生成式人工智能为代表的技术浪潮正深刻重塑教育生态，也使得高度依赖语言交互的外语教育面临前所未有的本体论危机。当技术的语言生成能力极大消解了外语学习的工具性壁垒时，传统教学模式易陷入工具理性僭越、人际情感疏离以及师生主体性消解的伦理困境。本文立足于技术哲学与人本主义的交叉视角，对生成式AI语境下的“技术狂欢”进行审慎批判。笔者认为，外语教育的本质绝非机械的符号解码与技能训练，而应剥离纯粹的工具属性，向强调跨文化共情、批判性思维与人类真实交互的“价值理性”全面复归。面向人机协同的未来，必须超越单纯的工具应用导向，构建人机共智的外语教育新生态：推动教学范式从语言知识传递向跨文化意义建构转型，促使教师角色向思维启迪者与价值把关人转型，并协同培育师生的高阶AI伦理素养。本研究旨在为数字时代外语教育坚守人文底色、破除技术迷思提供学理支撑与实践进路。

Abstract: The wave of technology, represented by generative artificial intelligence, is profoundly reshaping the educational ecosystem and has brought an unprecedented ontological crisis to foreign language education, which heavily depends on linguistic interaction. As the language generation capabilities of AI greatly dissolve the instrumental barriers to foreign language learning, traditional teaching models are prone to ethical dilemmas such as the overreach of instrumental rationality, interpersonal emotional alienation, and the dissolution of teacher-student subjectivity. From the inter sectional perspective of philosophy of technology and humanism, this paper offers a critical examination of the “technological frenzy” in the context of generative AI. The author contends that the essence of foreign language education is by no means mechanical symbol decoding or skill training; rather, it should break free from purely instrumental attributes and comprehensively return to “value rationality”—one that emphasizes cross-cultural empathy, critical thinking, and authentic human interaction. Looking toward a future of human-machine collaboration, we must transcend a purely tool-oriented approach and construct a new ecosystem of foreign language education characterized by human-machine co-intelligence: transforming the teaching paradigm from the transmission of linguistic knowledge to the construction of cross-cultural meaning, reorienting the teacher’s role toward a facilitator of critical thinking and a gatekeeper of values, and collaboratively cultivating advanced AI ethical literacy among both educators and learners. This study aims to provide theoretical support and practical pathways for preserving the humanistic foundation of foreign language education and dispelling technological myths in the digital age.