天然高分子多糖在处理亚甲基蓝中的研究
Research on the Treatment of Methylene Blue Using Natural Polysaccharides
DOI: 10.12677/wpt.2026.143018, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 郭振军, 高子良, 陶 哲, 韩文晖, 鲍丙银：滁州学院土木与建筑工程学院，安徽 滁州
关键词: 亚甲基蓝；壳聚糖；海藻多糖；β-环糊精；纤维素；吸附；Methylene Blue； Chitosan； Algal Polysaccharide； β-Cyclodextrin； Cellulose； Adsorption
摘要: 亚甲基蓝作为一种典型的阳离子染料，因其结构稳定，生物毒性强且难以自然降解，已成为水环境中典型的污染物之一。天然高分子多糖因其来源广泛，生物可降解，富含活性官能团等特点，在亚甲基蓝废水处理中展现出良好的应用前景。本文系统综述了壳聚糖，纤维素，海藻酸钠和β-环糊精等多糖材料的结构特性及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能与作用机制。研究表明，这些材料主要通过静电相互作用，氢键，主客体包合，孔隙填充及离子交换等多重机制协同实现对亚甲基蓝的高效去除。通过化学改性，交联，复合或磁功能化等手段，可显著提升其吸附容量，再生性能及固液分离效率。其中，改性壳聚糖复合材料最高吸附量可达1284.50 mg/g，海藻酸钠磁球在磁场下可实现快速回收，β-环糊精及其衍生物对低浓度染料表现出优异的去除率。未来研究应进一步优化多糖材料的结构设计，提高其在实际废水中的选择性和稳定性，推动其向工程化应用发展。
Abstract: Methylene blue, as a typical cationic dye, has become one of the typical pollutants in aquatic environments due to its structural stability, strong biological toxicity, and difficulty in natural degradation. Natural polymer polysaccharides, characterized by their wide range of sources, biodegradability, and rich active functional groups, have shown promising application prospects in the treatment of methylene blue wastewater. This paper systematically reviews the structural characteristics of polysaccharide materials such as chitosan, cellulose, sodium alginate, and β-cyclodextrin, as well as their adsorption performance and mechanism towards methylene blue. Research indicates that these materials achieve efficient removal of methylene blue primarily through multiple mechanisms such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, host-guest inclusion, pore filling, and ion exchange. By means of chemical modification, crosslinking, compositing, or magnetic functionalization, their adsorption capacity, regeneration performance, and solid-liquid separation efficiency can be significantly enhanced. Among them, the highest adsorption capacity of modified chitosan composite materials can reach 1284.50 mg/g, sodium alginate magnetic spheres can be quickly recovered under a magnetic field, and β-cyclodextrin and its derivatives exhibit excellent removal rates for low-concentration dyes. Future research should further optimize the structural design of polysaccharide materials, improve their selectivity and stability in actual wastewater, and promote their development towards engineering applications.
文章引用：郭振军, 高子良, 陶哲, 韩文晖, 鲍丙银. 天然高分子多糖在处理亚甲基蓝中的研究[J]. 水污染及处理, 2026, 14(3): 168-178. https://doi.org/10.12677/wpt.2026.143018

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