陆九渊基于“本心”的圣贤观

Lu Jiuyuan’s View of Sages Based on “Original Heart”

摘要: 陆九渊认为，“古先圣贤与民同类”，每一个体皆具备成贤成圣之内在根据——“本心”，“某之心”、“吾友之心”以及“圣贤之心”，只是“一个心”，此心于人伦日常中自显其用。对于成圣贤的路径，陆九渊主张学者须自信自立“本心”，升高自下，自迩及遐，通过持续不断的用功，使“本心”日益光明广大。对于圣贤境界，陆九渊上承孟子“反身而诚，乐莫大焉”，近通大程的“敬须和乐”，开显出敬畏与安乐“不相悖违”的圣贤境界。陆九渊围绕“本心”而展开的圣贤观，对孟子的道德哲学做出了重要发展。

Abstract: Lu Jiuyuan believes that “the ancient sages are the same as the people”, and each individual has the internal basis for becoming sages and saints – “original heart”, “a certain heart”, “my friend’s heart” and “saints’ heart”, just “a heart”, which is self-evident in the daily life of human relations. For the path of becoming a sage, Lu Jiuyuan advocated that scholars must be confident and self-reliant, rising from the bottom, from the bottom to the bottom, and through continuous efforts to make the “heart” increasingly bright and broad. For the realm of sages, Lu Jiuyuan inherited Mencius’ “self-reflection and sincerity, great joy,” and the “reverence and joy” of the great course, showing the realm of sages that awe and happiness are “not contrary.” Lu Jiuyuan’s view of sages around the “original mind” has made important developments in Mencius’ moral philosophy.