数字化背景下公共部门人力资源管理变革：价值、挑战及治理路径

The Transformation of Human Resource Management in the Public Sector under the Digital Background: Value, Challenges, and Governance Paths

摘要: 本文在数字化背景下研究公共部门人力资源管理，以人力资本理论为基石，深入剖析数字化热潮下公共部门人力资源管理存在的核心挑战，并据此提出治理的优化路径。研究认为，公共部门员工是其最核心的人力资本，数字化转型的本质是对资本结构、投资方式与价值实现的深刻重塑。文章分析了公共部门人力资本固有的公共性、稳定性和复杂性特征，并基于人力资本理论视角，诊断了数字化进程中在人力资本规划、获取、开发、激励、保留及数据价值挖掘等方面存在的突出挑战。针对这些问题提出了治理路径，旨在利用数字技术精准识别、高效投资、科学评价，从而有效提升公共部门人力资本价值，最终驱动公共服务效能跃升与公共价值最大化。

Abstract: This paper examines human resource management in the public sector within the context of digitalization, using human capital theory as its foundation. It conducts an in-depth analysis of the core challenges facing human resource management in the public sector amidst the digitalization wave and proposes pathways for optimizing governance based on these challenges. The study argues that public sector employees constitute its most fundamental human capital, and that the essence of digital transformation lies in a profound reshaping of capital structure, investment methods, and value realization. This paper analyses the inherent characteristics of human capital in the public sector—namely, its public nature, stability, and complexity—and, from the perspective of human capital theory, identifies the prominent challenges encountered during the digitalization process in areas such as human capital planning, acquisition, development, motivation, retention, and the extraction of data value. In response to these issues, governance paths are proposed that leverage digital technologies to achieve precise identification, efficient investment, and scientific evaluation, thereby effectively enhancing the value of public sector human capital and ultimately driving the leap in public service effectiveness and the maximization of public value.