腰椎间盘突出症患者自我管理体验、信息偏好及支持需求的质性研究

A Qualitative Study on the Self-Management Experiences, Information Acquisition Preferences, and Support Needs of Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation

摘要: 目的：探讨腰椎间盘突出症患者在自我管理过程中的真实体验、健康信息获取偏好及支持需求，为制订针对性的自我管理干预方案提供参考。方法：采用目的抽样法，对15例腰椎间盘突出症患者进行半结构式访谈，采用Colaizzi七步分析法对资料进行整理与分析。结果：共提炼出4个主题：① 自我管理能力与行为动机不足；② 健康信息支持不足与专业帮助需求突出；③ 健康信息获取偏好与素养差异；④ 生活方式调整与疾病认知转变。结论：腰椎间盘突出症患者的自我管理受疾病认知、行为动机、健康信息获取及专业支持等多重因素影响。立足患者的生活与劳动情境，从系统化健康教育、优化健康信息呈现形式，提供持续、可及且个体化的专业支持，并注重患者行为动机的激活与维持，以促进其自我管理能力提升和健康行为的长期维持。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the real experiences, health information-seeking preferences, and support needs of patients with lumbar disc herniation during self-management, and to provide a reference for developing targeted self-management intervention programs. Methods: Using purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 patients with lumbar disc herniation. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step analysis method. Results: Four main themes were identified: ① Insufficient self-management ability and behavioral motivation; ② Inadequate health information support and prominent need for professional assistance; ③ Differences in health information-seeking preferences and literacy; ④ Lifestyle adjustments and changes in disease perception. Conclusion: Self-management in patients with lumbar disc herniation is influenced by multiple factors, including disease perception, behavioral motivation, health information access, and professional support. Based on patients’ living and working contexts, comprehensive interventions should be implemented through systematic health education, optimized formats of health information, provision of continuous, accessible, and individualized professional support, and emphasis on the activation and maintenance of patients’ behavioral motivation, so as to enhance their self-management ability and promote long-term maintenance of healthy behaviors.