2000~2020年重庆市中心城区社会空间结构演变及其影响机制

Evolution of the Socio-Spatial Structure of Chongqing’s Central Urban Area and Its Influencing Mechanisms during 2000~2020

摘要: 基于重庆市中心城区第五、六、七次人口普查数据，本文采用主成分分析、K-means均值聚类方法，刻画了重庆市中心城区2000~2020年社会空间结构及其演变特征，并归纳总结了驱动因素。结果表明：(1) 中心城区持续稳定因子有高学历人口因子、核心家庭因子；变化较大的因子有产业工人与基础服务业因子、人口年龄因子和居住条件因子。(2) 社会区发生了显著变动，老城区由单一居住区逐步演变为高密度混合居住区；高学历人口集聚区呈现“集中–分散–集中”的变化特征；农业人口集聚区分布范围快速缩小且逐渐集聚于外围地区；传统家庭聚居区逐渐转变为外来人口集聚区、一般工薪阶层集聚区等新的社会区。(3) 城市社会空间结构模式经历了由“内环内多核心 + 内环外圈层”结构向“多中心组团”结构的演变，最终形成“两山之间圈层 + 两山之外多核心组团”的格局。(4) 社会空间结构演变主要受自然地理、城市规划、城市更新、市场经济、社会文化等因素的影响。

Abstract: Using data from the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh National Population Censuses conducted in Chongqing’s central urban area, this study applies principal component analysis and K-means clustering to examine the socio-spatial structure of Chongqing’s central urban area from 2000 to 2020 and its evolutionary processes, and to identify the key driving forces behind these changes. The results indicate that: (1) relatively stable factors include the highly educated population and the nuclear family, while the industrial and basic service workforce, age composition and residential conditions factor exhibit substantial variability. (2) Significant transformations in social areas occurred over the study period. Old urban districts shifted from mono-functional residential areas to high-density mixed-use residential spaces. Clusters of highly educated residents followed a “concentration-dispersion-reconcentration” trajectory. In contrast, agricultural population clusters rapidly contracted in spatial extent and became increasingly concentrated in peripheral areas. Traditional family-oriented residential areas were progressively replaced by new social areas, including migrant-dominated and general salaried worker clusters. (3) At the city scale, the socio-spatial structure evolved from an “inner-ring multi-core with outer-ring concentric zones” pattern to a “polycentric clustered” configuration, ultimately forming a spatial structure characterized by “concentric zones between two mountains and multiple core clusters beyond them”. (4) The evolution of socio-spatial structure has been shaped by the combined effects of natural geographical conditions, urban planning, urban renewal, market-oriented economic processes, and socio-cultural factors.