电子商务预付式消费合同任意解除权的适用困境与法律完善

Application Dilemmas and Legal Perfection of the Right of Arbitrary Rescission in E-Commerce Prepaid Consumption Contracts

摘要: 电子商务预付式消费依托数字技术与平台经济成为主流消费模式，其“先付款后消费”的交易特征与电商场景的远程性、跨地域性交织，使消费者处于权利保护弱势地位。任意解除权作为矫正该交易模式风险失衡的核心制度，在相关法律和司法解释中得到初步确立。然而，该权利在电商场景适用中仍面临适用范围模糊、撤回权规则适配不足、责任主体认定复杂、资金监管碎片化、维权成本偏高五大核心困境。本文结合预付式消费新规实施现状与典型案例，系统梳理任意解除权的法理基础与规范依据，引入法律经济学理论强化法理支撑，深度剖析核心适用痛点，并构建问题与对策一一对应的法律完善路径，以期实现消费者权益保护与电子商务行业健康发展的平衡。

Abstract: E-Commerce prepaid consumption has emerged as a mainstream consumption model, driven by digital technology and the platform economy. However, the “pay-first, consume-later” transaction feature, intertwined with the remote and cross-regional nature of e-commerce scenarios, places consumers in a vulnerable position regarding rights protection. As a core institution to correct the risk imbalance in this transaction model, the Right of Arbitrary Rescission has been preliminarily established in relevant laws and judicial interpretations. Nevertheless, the application of this right in e-commerce scenarios still faces five core dilemmas: ambiguous scope of application, insufficient adaptation of withdrawal right rules, complex determination of liable subjects, fragmented fund supervision, and high costs of rights protection. Combining the current implementation status of new regulations on prepaid consumption with typical cases, this paper systematically sorts out the jurisprudential basis and normative grounds of the Right of Arbitrary Rescission, introduces Law and Economics theory to strengthen jurisprudential support, and deeply analyzes core application pain points. Furthermore, it constructs a legal perfection path where problems and countermeasures correspond one-to-one, aiming to achieve a balance between the protection of consumer rights and the healthy development of the e-commerce industry.