数字普惠金融对国际贸易竞争力的影响研究

A Study on the Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance on International Trade Competitiveness

摘要: 数字金融依托科技力量重塑服务模式，使企业获得融资更加高效；而一国在国际贸易中的竞争位势，则折射出其科技创新与综合国力。本文基于2011~2022年我国31个省级面板数据，实证考察数字普惠金融对国际贸易竞争力的影响及其机制。结果表明，数字普惠金融的发展显著提升了我国的国际贸易竞争优势，然而该效应存在明显的区域异质性，表现为东部地区促进作用显著高于西部地区。其作用路径主要通过拉升区域科技创新能力和缓解融资约束实现。据此提出四点政策启示：一是同步扩张覆盖广度与使用深度；二是以科技深度融合驱动服务升级；三是搭建信用评估模型，缓解融资约束；四是建立多层次、跨区域协同机制。本文旨在丰富数字金融与国际贸易的交叉研究成果，为推动数字普惠金融高质量发展、提升我国外贸核心竞争力提供实证依据与政策参考。

Abstract: Digital finance leverages technological advancements to reshape service models, enabling enterprises to access financing more efficiently; meanwhile, a country’s competitive position in international trade reflects its technological innovation and overall national strength. Based on panel data from China’s 31 provinces covering the period 2011~2022, this study empirically examines the impact of digital inclusive finance on international trade competitiveness and its underlying mechanisms. The results indicate that the development of digital inclusive finance has significantly enhanced China’s competitive advantage in international trade; however, this effect exhibits marked regional heterogeneity, with the eastern regions demonstrating a significantly greater promotional effect than the western regions. The mechanism primarily operates by boosting regional technological innovation capabilities and alleviating financing constraints. Based on these findings, four policy implications are proposed: First, expand both the breadth of coverage and the depth of usage simultaneously; second, drive service upgrades through deep integration of technology; third, establish credit assessment models to alleviate financing constraints; and fourth, establish multi-level, cross-regional coordination mechanisms. This paper aims to contribute to research at the intersection of digital finance and international trade, providing empirical evidence and policy recommendations to promote the high-quality development of digital inclusive finance and enhance China’s core competitiveness in foreign trade.