环境民事公益诉讼中生态环境损害赔偿磋商结果的审查规则研究

Review Rules for Eco-Environmental Damage Compensation Consultation Results in Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation

摘要: 生态环境损害赔偿磋商与环境民事公益诉讼均以修复受损生态环境、维护环境公共利益为重要目标。实践中，赔偿权利人与赔偿义务人经磋商形成修复或者赔偿安排后，法律规定的主体仍可能就同一损害事实提起环境民事公益诉讼，由此产生责任请求重合、修复效果评价不足及后续处理方式不明确等问题。磋商结果既不能当然排除公益诉讼，也不应在修复责任已经充分实现的范围内被完全忽略。法院应以环境公共利益获得充分保护为出发点，以生态修复责任是否真实、完整实现为核心，围绕损害事实同一性、责任内容覆盖性、磋商内容适当性、履行情况真实性、修复效果充分性及剩余救济必要性开展审查，以避免重复救济并保障生态修复目标实现。同时，文章进一步从程序法视角补充举证责任分配、证据审查规则以及具体诉讼请求的衔接方式，以增强审查规则的可操作性。

Abstract: Eco-environmental damage compensation consultation and environmental civil public interest litigation share the objective of ecological restoration and protection of environmental public interests. Where a consultation result has already been formed in relation to the same ecological damage, a later public interest action raises questions of overlapping claims, performance assessment and the necessity of remaining relief. A consultation result should neither automatically preclude litigation nor be ignored where restoration obligations have been substantively fulfilled. Courts should conduct a substantive review centred on whether ecological restoration has been fully achieved, examining identity of damage, coverage of liabilities, appropriateness of arrangements, actual performance, sufficiency of restoration and necessity of supplementary relief. It further supplements the procedural design concerning the allocation of the burden of proof, evidence review and the coordination of specific claims, thereby enhancing the operability of the proposed review rules.